Ralf Langen, PhD

Title(s)Professor of Physiology & Neuroscience
SchoolKeck School of Medicine of Usc
AddressZNI 121, 1501 San Pablo Street
Health Sciences Campus
Los Angeles CA 90033
Phone+1 323 442 1323
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Director, Protein Structure Center, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute

    Title(s)Director of the Ph.D. Program in Medical Physiology, Co-Director, Ph.D. Program in Medical Biophysics


    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Our main interests lie in the basic areas of protein folding and misfolding, and particular emphasis is placed on these processes when they occur on or around membranes. The interaction of proteins with membranes underlies many important biological processes. Proteins can regulate the structure and function of biological membranes by controlling the composition, fluidity, permeability and curvature of cellular membranes. Membranes, in turn, can have a pronounced effect on the structure and function of proteins and help to promote physiologically important structural reorganizations of proteins. In addition, membrane interaction can also result in protein misfolding which could ultimately cause disease.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Molecular Mechanism of Huntingtin Misfolding and its Inhibition by Designed and Cellular Proteins
    NIH R01NS120704Sep 17, 2021 - Aug 31, 2026
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Characterizing the Conformations and Neurotoxic Species of Huntingtin
    NIH R01NS118859Jul 15, 2021 - Jun 30, 2026
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Membrane-Mediated Interactions of the Bcl-xL/Bid/Bax Triad of Apoptotic Regulators
    NIH R01GM126778Feb 1, 2019 - Jan 31, 2023
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Structural characterization of A-beta strain variation in AD mouse models
    NIH R01AG061865Sep 30, 2018 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Mechanism of modulation of huntingtin exon 1 aggregation by profilin
    NIH R01NS089932Apr 1, 2016 - Dec 31, 2021
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Membrane remodeling by alpha-synuclein: implications for function and disease
    NIH R01GM115736Sep 1, 2015 - Jun 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Molecular mechanisms of huntingtin misfolding
    NIH R01NS084345Apr 1, 2015 - Mar 31, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Amyloid Fibril Formation and Protein Misfolding: Molecular Mechanisms and Cellula
    NIH R13NS066531Jun 15, 2009 - May 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Structural Analysis of IAPP Fibril Formation and Membrane Interaction
    NIH R01AG027936Feb 15, 2007 - Jan 31, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Structural Analysis of Protein-Membrane Interaction
    NIH R01GM063915Jul 1, 2001 - Jan 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    RHODOPSIN STRUCTURES AND KINASE INTERACTION
    NIH F32EY006809Mar 30, 1997
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Faculty Mentoring
    Collapse Required Scholarly Project Mentor

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. TDP43 and huntingtin Exon-1 undergo a conformationally specific interaction that strongly alters the fibril formation of both proteins. J Biol Chem. 2024 Sep; 300(9):107660. George G, Ajayan A, Varkey J, Pandey NK, Chen J, Langen R. PMID: 39128727; PMCID: PMC11408864.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    2. Retraction Note: Pericyte degeneration causes white matter dysfunction in the mouse central nervous system. Nat Med. 2024 Apr; 30(4):1215. Montagne A, Nikolakopoulou AM, Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Si G, Lazic D, Barnes SR, Daianu M, Ramanathan A, Go A, Lawson EJ, Wang Y, Mack WJ, Thompson PM, Schneider JA, Varkey J, Langen R, Mullins E, Jacobs RE, Zlokovic BV. PMID: 38580816; PMCID: PMC11036445.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Fluorescent protein tagging promotes phase separation and alters the aggregation pathway of huntingtin exon-1. J Biol Chem. 2024 Jan; 300(1):105585. Pandey NK, Varkey J, Ajayan A, George G, Chen J, Langen R. PMID: 38141760; PMCID: PMC10825056.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Molecular basis of Q-length selectivity for the MW1 antibody-huntingtin interaction. J Biol Chem. 2023 04; 299(4):104616. Bravo-Arredondo JM, Venkataraman R, Varkey J, Isas JM, Situ AJ, Xu H, Chen J, Ulmer TS, Langen R. PMID: 36931390; PMCID: PMC10124945.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    5. The Dynamic Interactions of a Multitargeting Domain in Ameloblastin Protein with Amelogenin and Membrane. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 09; 24(4). Kegulian NC, Langen R, Moradian-Oldak J. PMID: 36834897; PMCID: PMC9966149.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    6. Lysine acetylation regulates the interaction between proteins and membranes. Nat Commun. 2021 11 09; 12(1):6466. Okada AK, Teranishi K, Ambroso MR, Isas JM, Vazquez-Sarandeses E, Lee JY, Melo AA, Pandey P, Merken D, Berndt L, Lammers M, Daumke O, Chang K, Haworth IS, Langen R. PMID: 34753925; PMCID: PMC8578602.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    7. Amplification of neurotoxic HTTex1 assemblies in human neurons. Neurobiol Dis. 2021 11; 159:105517. Chongtham A, Isas JM, Pandey NK, Rawat A, Yoo JH, Mastro T, Kennedy MB, Langen R, Khoshnan A. PMID: 34563643; PMCID: PMC8943833.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    8. Huntingtin fibrils with different toxicity, structure, and seeding potential can be interconverted. Nat Commun. 2021 07 13; 12(1):4272. Mario Isas J, Pandey NK, Xu H, Teranishi K, Okada AK, Fultz EK, Rawat A, Applebaum A, Meier F, Chen J, Langen R, Siemer AB. PMID: 34257293; PMCID: PMC8277859.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. An Amphipathic Alpha-Helix Domain from Poliovirus 2C Protein Tubulate Lipid Vesicles. Viruses. 2020 12 18; 12(12). Varkey J, Zhang J, Kim J, George G, He G, Belov G, Langen R, Wang X. PMID: 33353144; PMCID: PMC7766222.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    10. Structural Model of the Proline-Rich Domain of Huntingtin Exon-1 Fibrils. Biophys J. 2020 11 17; 119(10):2019-2028. Falk AS, Bravo-Arredondo JM, Varkey J, Pacheco S, Langen R, Siemer AB. PMID: 33096080; PMCID: PMC7732765.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Huntingtin Exon 1 Aggregation by FRET-Based High-Throughput Screening in Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 08 05; 11(15):2286-2295. Lo CH, Pandey NK, Lim CK, Ding Z, Tao M, Thomas DD, Langen R, Sachs JN. PMID: 32568514.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    12. Annexin B12 Trimer Formation is Governed by a Network of Protein-Protein and Protein-Lipid Interactions. Sci Rep. 2020 03 24; 10(1):5301. Tao M, Isas JM, Langen R. PMID: 32210350; PMCID: PMC7093510.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    13. The Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Targets but Does Not Denature Amyloid Oligomers in Type II Diabetes. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 09 11; 141(36):14168-14179. Levine ZA, Teranishi K, Okada AK, Langen R, Shea JE. PMID: 31456396.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    14. Structure of Membrane-Bound Huntingtin Exon 1 Reveals Membrane Interaction and Aggregation Mechanisms. Structure. 2019 10 01; 27(10):1570-1580.e4. Tao M, Pandey NK, Barnes R, Han S, Langen R. PMID: 31466833; PMCID: PMC6774876.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. E46K-like α-synuclein mutants increase lipid interactions and disrupt membrane selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2019 06 21; 294(25):9799-9812. Rovere M, Powers AE, Jiang H, Pitino JC, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Patel DS, Achille A, Langen R, Varkey J, Bartels T. PMID: 31048377; PMCID: PMC6597829.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    16. Lipid-modulation of membrane insertion and refolding of the apoptotic inhibitor Bcl-xL. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2019 Jul - Aug; 1867(7-8):691-700. Vasquez-Montes V, Vargas-Uribe M, Pandey NK, Rodnin MV, Langen R, Ladokhin AS. PMID: 31004798; PMCID: PMC6589348.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    17. Directed Supramolecular Organization of N-BAR Proteins through Regulation of H0 Membrane Immersion Depth. Sci Rep. 2018 11 06; 8(1):16383. Kahraman O, Langen R, Haselwandter CA. PMID: 30401832; PMCID: PMC6219572.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    18. The folding equilibrium of huntingtin exon 1 monomer depends on its polyglutamine tract. J Biol Chem. 2018 12 21; 293(51):19613-19623. Bravo-Arredondo JM, Kegulian NC, Schmidt T, Pandey NK, Situ AJ, Ulmer TS, Langen R. PMID: 30315108; PMCID: PMC6314148.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    19. Heterotetrameric annexin A2/S100A10 (A2t) is essential for oncogenic human papillomavirus trafficking and capsid disassembly, and protects virions from lysosomal degradation. Sci Rep. 2018 08 03; 8(1):11642. Taylor JR, Fernandez DJ, Thornton SM, Skeate JG, Lühen KP, Da Silva DM, Langen R, Kast WM. PMID: 30076379; PMCID: PMC6076308.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    20. Identification of distinct conformations associated with monomers and fibril assemblies of mutant huntingtin. Hum Mol Genet. 2018 07 01; 27(13):2330-2343. Ko J, Isas JM, Sabbaugh A, Yoo JH, Pandey NK, Chongtham A, Ladinsky M, Wu WL, Rohweder H, Weiss A, Macdonald D, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Langen R, Patterson PH, Khoshnan A. PMID: 29912367; PMCID: PMC6005051.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    21. Membranes as modulators of amyloid protein misfolding and target of toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2018 Sep; 1860(9):1863-1875. Rawat A, Langen R, Varkey J. PMID: 29702073; PMCID: PMC6203680.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    
    22. Pericyte degeneration causes white matter dysfunction in the mouse central nervous system. Nat Med. 2018 03; 24(3):326-337. Montagne A, Nikolakopoulou AM, Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Si G, Lazic D, Barnes SR, Daianu M, Ramanathan A, Go A, Lawson EJ, Wang Y, Mack WJ, Thompson PM, Schneider JA, Varkey J, Langen R, Mullins E, Jacobs RE, Zlokovic BV. PMID: 29400711; PMCID: PMC5840035.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 192     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    23. The 17-residue-long N terminus in huntingtin controls stepwise aggregation in solution and on membranes via different mechanisms. J Biol Chem. 2018 02 16; 293(7):2597-2605. Pandey NK, Isas JM, Rawat A, Lee RV, Langen J, Pandey P, Langen R. PMID: 29282287; PMCID: PMC5818184.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    24. The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides, HumaninS14G and Small Humanin-like Peptide 2, Exhibit Chaperone-like Activity. Sci Rep. 2017 08 10; 7(1):7802. Okada AK, Teranishi K, Lobo F, Isas JM, Xiao J, Yen K, Cohen P, Langen R. PMID: 28798389; PMCID: PMC5552803.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    25. Membrane remodeling by amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic proteins studied by EPR. J Magn Reson. 2017 07; 280:127-139. Varkey J, Langen R. PMID: 28579098; PMCID: PMC5461824.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    26. Structural insights into the activation mechanism of dynamin-like EHD ATPases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 05 30; 114(22):5629-5634. Melo AA, Hegde BG, Shah C, Larsson E, Isas JM, Kunz S, Lundmark R, Langen R, Daumke O. PMID: 28228524; PMCID: PMC5465921.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    27. Identification and Structural Characterization of the N-terminal Amyloid Core of Orb2 isoform A. Sci Rep. 2016 12 06; 6:38265. Cervantes SA, Bajakian TH, Soria MA, Falk AS, Service RJ, Langen R, Siemer AB. PMID: 27922050; PMCID: PMC5138630.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    28. Hydration Dynamics of a Peripheral Membrane Protein. J Am Chem Soc. 2016 09 14; 138(36):11526-35. Fisette O, Päslack C, Barnes R, Isas JM, Langen R, Heyden M, Han S, Schäfer LV. PMID: 27548572; PMCID: PMC5519773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    29. Diabetic Risk Factors Promote Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Misfolding by a Common, Membrane-mediated Mechanism. Sci Rep. 2016 08 17; 6:31094. Okada AK, Teranishi K, Isas JM, Bedrood S, Chow RH, Langen R. PMID: 27531121; PMCID: PMC4987648.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    30. α-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils with Two Entwined, Asymmetrically Associated Protofibrils. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jan 29; 291(5):2310-8. Dearborn AD, Wall JS, Cheng N, Heymann JB, Kajava AV, Varkey J, Langen R, Steven AC. PMID: 26644467; PMCID: PMC4732214.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    31. O-GlcNAc modification blocks the aggregation and toxicity of the protein α-synuclein associated with Parkinson's disease. Nat Chem. 2015 Nov; 7(11):913-20. Marotta NP, Lin YH, Lewis YE, Ambroso MR, Zaro BW, Roth MT, Arnold DB, Langen R, Pratt MR. PMID: 26492012; PMCID: PMC4618406.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 138     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    32. Structural Characterization of Membrane-Curving Proteins: Site-Directed Spin Labeling, EPR, and Computational Refinement. Methods Enzymol. 2015; 564:259-88. Ambroso MR, Haworth IS, Langen R. PMID: 26477254.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    33. Computer Modeling of Spin Labels: NASNOX, PRONOX, and ALLNOX. Methods Enzymol. 2015; 563:569-93. Beasley KN, Sutch BT, Hatmal MM, Langen R, Qin PZ, Haworth IS. PMID: 26478499.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    
    34. Membrane Curvature-sensing and Curvature-inducing Activity of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and Its Implications for Membrane Disruption. J Biol Chem. 2015 Oct 23; 290(43):25782-93. Kegulian NC, Sankhagowit S, Apostolidou M, Jayasinghe SA, Malmstadt N, Butler PC, Langen R. PMID: 26283787; PMCID: PMC4646232.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    35. Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance on the Static and Dynamic Domains of Huntingtin Exon-1 Fibrils. Biochemistry. 2015 Jun 30; 54(25):3942-9. Isas JM, Langen R, Siemer AB. PMID: 26020223; PMCID: PMC4770890.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    36. Structural Mechanisms of Mutant Huntingtin Aggregation Suppression by the Synthetic Chaperonin-like CCT5 Complex Explained by Cryoelectron Tomography. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 10; 290(28):17451-61. Darrow MC, Sergeeva OA, Isas JM, Galaz-Montoya JG, King JA, Langen R, Schmid MF, Chiu W. PMID: 25995452; PMCID: PMC4498080.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    37. Tubulation by amphiphysin requires concentration-dependent switching from wedging to scaffolding. Structure. 2015 May 05; 23(5):873-881. Isas JM, Ambroso MR, Hegde PB, Langen J, Langen R. PMID: 25865245; PMCID: PMC4437528.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    38. Polyglutamine- and temperature-dependent conformational rigidity in mutant huntingtin revealed by immunoassays and circular dichroism spectroscopy. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12):e112262. Fodale V, Kegulian NC, Verani M, Cariulo C, Azzollini L, Petricca L, Daldin M, Boggio R, Padova A, Kuhn R, Pacifici R, Macdonald D, Schoenfeld RC, Park H, Isas JM, Langen R, Weiss A, Caricasole A. PMID: 25464275; PMCID: PMC4251833.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    39. Nonaggregated α-synuclein influences SNARE-dependent vesicle docking via membrane binding. Biochemistry. 2014 Jun 24; 53(24):3889-96. Lai Y, Kim S, Varkey J, Lou X, Song JK, Diao J, Langen R, Shin YK. PMID: 24884175; PMCID: PMC4075992.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    40. Endophilin A1 induces different membrane shapes using a conformational switch that is regulated by phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 13; 111(19):6982-7. Ambroso MR, Hegde BG, Langen R. PMID: 24778241; PMCID: PMC4024918.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    41. Structural insights into membrane interaction and caveolar targeting of dynamin-like EHD2. Structure. 2014 Mar 04; 22(3):409-420. Shah C, Hegde BG, Morén B, Behrmann E, Mielke T, Moenke G, Spahn CMT, Lundmark R, Daumke O, Langen R. PMID: 24508342; PMCID: PMC3979964.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    42. Hydration dynamics as an intrinsic ruler for refining protein structure at lipid membrane interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 15; 110(42):16838-43. Cheng CY, Varkey J, Ambroso MR, Langen R, Han S. PMID: 24082088; PMCID: PMC3800990.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    43. Visual arrestin interaction with clathrin adaptor AP-2 regulates photoreceptor survival in the vertebrate retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 04; 110(23):9463-8. Moaven H, Koike Y, Jao CC, Gurevich VV, Langen R, Chen J. PMID: 23690606; PMCID: PMC3677467.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    44. α-Synuclein oligomers with broken helical conformation form lipoprotein nanoparticles. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 14; 288(24):17620-30. Varkey J, Mizuno N, Hegde BG, Cheng N, Steven AC, Langen R. PMID: 23609437; PMCID: PMC3682563.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    45. β-Cell failure in type 2 diabetes: a case of asking too much of too few? Diabetes. 2013 Feb; 62(2):327-35. Costes S, Langen R, Gurlo T, Matveyenko AV, Butler PC. PMID: 23349537; PMCID: PMC3554362.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    46. Rational design of potent domain antibody inhibitors of amyloid fibril assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 04; 109(49):19965-70. Ladiwala AR, Bhattacharya M, Perchiacca JM, Cao P, Raleigh DP, Abedini A, Schmidt AM, Varkey J, Langen R, Tessier PM. PMID: 23161913; PMCID: PMC3523860.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    47. Idealized models of protofilaments of human islet amyloid polypeptide. J Chem Inf Model. 2012 Nov 26; 52(11):2983-91. Li Y, Hatmal MM, Langen R, Haworth IS. PMID: 23116372; PMCID: PMC3522432.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    48. Membrane binding and self-association of the epsin N-terminal homology domain. J Mol Biol. 2012 Nov 09; 423(5):800-17. Lai CL, Jao CC, Lyman E, Gallop JL, Peter BJ, McMahon HT, Langen R, Voth GA. PMID: 22922484; PMCID: PMC3682188.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    49. The S100A10 subunit of the annexin A2 heterotetramer facilitates L2-mediated human papillomavirus infection. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8):e43519. Woodham AW, Da Silva DM, Skeate JG, Raff AB, Ambroso MR, Brand HE, Isas JM, Langen R, Kast WM. PMID: 22927980; PMCID: PMC3425544.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 97     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    50. Structural features and domain organization of huntingtin fibrils. J Biol Chem. 2012 Sep 14; 287(38):31739-46. Bugg CW, Isas JM, Fischer T, Patterson PH, Langen R. PMID: 22801429; PMCID: PMC3442508.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    51. Remodeling of lipid vesicles into cylindrical micelles by α-synuclein in an extended α-helical conformation. J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 24; 287(35):29301-11. Mizuno N, Varkey J, Kegulian NC, Hegde BG, Cheng N, Langen R, Steven AC. PMID: 22767608; PMCID: PMC3436199.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 56     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    52. Diurnal, localized exposure of phosphatidylserine by rod outer segment tips in wild-type but not Itgb5-/- or Mfge8-/- mouse retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 22; 109(21):8145-8. Ruggiero L, Connor MP, Chen J, Langen R, Finnemann SC. PMID: 22566632; PMCID: PMC3361434.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 95     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Semisynthetic, site-specific ubiquitin modification of α-synuclein reveals differential effects on aggregation. J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Mar 28; 134(12):5468-71. Meier F, Abeywardana T, Dhall A, Marotta NP, Varkey J, Langen R, Chatterjee C, Pratt MR. PMID: 22404520; PMCID: PMC3315850.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 55     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    54. Secondary and tertiary structure of bacteriorhodopsin in the SDS denatured state. Biochemistry. 2012 Feb 14; 51(6):1051-60. Krishnamani V, Hegde BG, Langen R, Lanyi JK. PMID: 22242919.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    55. Fibril structure of human islet amyloid polypeptide. J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 17; 287(8):5235-41. Bedrood S, Li Y, Isas JM, Hegde BG, Baxa U, Haworth IS, Langen R. PMID: 22187437; PMCID: PMC3285303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 67     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    56. Intracellular curvature-generating proteins in cell-to-cell fusion. Biochem J. 2011 Dec 01; 440(2):185-93. Richard JP, Leikina E, Langen R, Henne WM, Popova M, Balla T, McMahon HT, Kozlov MM, Chernomordik LV. PMID: 21895608; PMCID: PMC3216009.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    57. Membrane curvature sensing by amphipathic helices: a single liposome study using α-synuclein and annexin B12. J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 09; 286(49):42603-42614. Jensen MB, Bhatia VK, Jao CC, Rasmussen JE, Pedersen SL, Jensen KJ, Langen R, Stamou D. PMID: 21953452; PMCID: PMC3234936.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 57     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    58. Computer modeling of nitroxide spin labels on proteins. Biopolymers. 2012 Jan; 97(1):35-44. Hatmal MM, Li Y, Hegde BG, Hegde PB, Jao CC, Langen R, Haworth IS. PMID: 21792846; PMCID: PMC3422567.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    59. A compact beta model of huntingtin toxicity. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 11; 286(10):8188-8196. Zhang QC, Yeh TL, Leyva A, Frank LG, Miller J, Kim YE, Langen R, Finkbeiner S, Amzel ML, Ross CA, Poirier MA. PMID: 21209075; PMCID: PMC3048705.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    60. Quantifying Membrane Curvature Generation of Drosophila Amphiphysin N-BAR Domains. J Phys Chem Lett. 2010 Nov 16; 1(23):3401-3406. Heinrich MC, Capraro BR, Tian A, Isas JM, Langen R, Baumgart T. PMID: 23772271; PMCID: PMC3679405.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    
    61. The effect of curcumin on human islet amyloid polypeptide misfolding and toxicity. Amyloid. 2010 Sep; 17(3-4):118-28. Daval M, Bedrood S, Gurlo T, Huang CJ, Costes S, Butler PC, Langen R. PMID: 21067307; PMCID: PMC4394664.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    62. Membrane curvature induction and tubulation are common features of synucleins and apolipoproteins. J Biol Chem. 2010 Oct 15; 285(42):32486-93. Varkey J, Isas JM, Mizuno N, Jensen MB, Bhatia VK, Jao CC, Petrlova J, Voss JC, Stamou DG, Steven AC, Langen R. PMID: 20693280; PMCID: PMC2952250.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 171     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    63. Monitoring apoptosis and neuronal degeneration by real-time detection of phosphatidylserine externalization using a polarity-sensitive indicator of viability and apoptosis. Nat Protoc. 2010 Aug; 5(8):1396-405. Kim YE, Chen J, Langen R, Chan JR. PMID: 20671723; PMCID: PMC4340478.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    64. Beta-cell selective K(ATP)-channel activation protects beta-cells and human islets from human islet amyloid polypeptide induced toxicity. Regul Pept. 2010 Dec 10; 165(2-3):158-62. Ritzel RA, Jayasinghe S, Hansen JB, Sturis J, Langen R, Butler PC. PMID: 20619299; PMCID: PMC2995001.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    65. A combinatorial NMR and EPR approach for evaluating the structural ensemble of partially folded proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Jun 30; 132(25):8657-68. Rao JN, Jao CC, Hegde BG, Langen R, Ulmer TS. PMID: 20524659; PMCID: PMC2903201.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 71     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    66. Multiple modes of endophilin-mediated conversion of lipid vesicles into coated tubes: implications for synaptic endocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 23; 285(30):23351-8. Mizuno N, Jao CC, Langen R, Steven AC. PMID: 20484046; PMCID: PMC2906327.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    67. Roles of amphipathic helices and the bin/amphiphysin/rvs (BAR) domain of endophilin in membrane curvature generation. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jun 25; 285(26):20164-70. Jao CC, Hegde BG, Gallop JL, Hegde PB, McMahon HT, Haworth IS, Langen R. PMID: 20418375; PMCID: PMC2888429.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    68. Stacked sets of parallel, in-register beta-strands of beta2-microglobulin in amyloid fibrils revealed by site-directed spin labeling and chemical labeling. J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28; 285(22):17137-47. Ladner CL, Chen M, Smith DP, Platt GW, Radford SE, Langen R. PMID: 20335170; PMCID: PMC2878032.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    69. Fibrillar oligomers nucleate the oligomerization of monomeric amyloid beta but do not seed fibril formation. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 26; 285(9):6071-9. Wu JW, Breydo L, Isas JM, Lee J, Kuznetsov YG, Langen R, Glabe C. PMID: 20018889; PMCID: PMC2825401.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 73     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    70. Engineering a polarity-sensitive biosensor for time-lapse imaging of apoptotic processes and degeneration. Nat Methods. 2010 Jan; 7(1):67-73. Kim YE, Chen J, Chan JR, Langen R. PMID: 19966809; PMCID: PMC2846705.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 45     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    71. Annexin A5 directly interacts with amyloidogenic proteins and reduces their toxicity. Biochemistry. 2009 Nov 10; 48(44):10568-76. Bedrood S, Jayasinghe S, Sieburth D, Chen M, Erbel S, Butler PC, Langen R, Ritzel RA. PMID: 19810772; PMCID: PMC4394648.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    72. Soluble and mature amyloid fibrils in drusen deposits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Mar; 51(3):1304-10. Isas JM, Luibl V, Johnson LV, Kayed R, Wetzel R, Glabe CG, Langen R, Chen J. PMID: 19892876; PMCID: PMC2840723.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 75     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    73. Structure of membrane-bound alpha-synuclein from site-directed spin labeling and computational refinement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 16; 105(50):19666-71. Jao CC, Hegde BG, Chen J, Haworth IS, Langen R. PMID: 19066219; PMCID: PMC2605001.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 260     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    74. Formation of soluble amyloid oligomers and amyloid fibrils by the multifunctional protein vitronectin. Mol Neurodegener. 2008 Oct 21; 3:16. Shin TM, Isas JM, Hsieh CL, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Langen R, Chen J. PMID: 18939994; PMCID: PMC2577670.
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    75. Fibrils with parallel in-register structure constitute a major class of amyloid fibrils: molecular insights from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Q Rev Biophys. 2008 Aug-Nov; 41(3-4):265-97. Margittai M, Langen R. PMID: 19079806.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 85     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    76. Structure of alpha-helical membrane-bound human islet amyloid polypeptide and its implications for membrane-mediated misfolding. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 20; 283(25):17205-10. Apostolidou M, Jayasinghe SA, Langen R. PMID: 18442979; PMCID: PMC2427348.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 89     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    77. Investigation of alpha-synuclein fibril structure by site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 24; 282(34):24970-9. Chen M, Margittai M, Chen J, Langen R. PMID: 17573347.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 109     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    78. Structure and analysis of FCHo2 F-BAR domain: a dimerizing and membrane recruitment module that effects membrane curvature. Structure. 2007 Jul; 15(7):839-52. Henne WM, Kent HM, Ford MG, Hegde BG, Daumke O, Butler PJ, Mittal R, Langen R, Evans PR, McMahon HT. PMID: 17540576.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 160     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    79. Membrane interaction of islet amyloid polypeptide. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug; 1768(8):2002-9. Jayasinghe SA, Langen R. PMID: 17349968.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 74     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    80. Annexin B12 is a sensor of membrane curvature and undergoes major curvature-dependent structural changes. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 30; 282(13):9996-10004. Fischer T, Lu L, Haigler HT, Langen R. PMID: 17267400.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    81. Side chain-dependent stacking modulates tau filament structure. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 08; 281(49):37820-7. Margittai M, Langen R. PMID: 17023423.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    82. Inhibition of human IAPP fibril formation does not prevent beta-cell death: evidence for distinct actions of oligomers and fibrils of human IAPP. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec; 291(6):E1317-24. Meier JJ, Kayed R, Lin CY, Gurlo T, Haataja L, Jayasinghe S, Langen R, Glabe CG, Butler PC. PMID: 16849627.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 70     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    83. Mechanism of endophilin N-BAR domain-mediated membrane curvature. EMBO J. 2006 Jun 21; 25(12):2898-910. Gallop JL, Jao CC, Kent HM, Butler PJ, Evans PR, Langen R, McMahon HT. PMID: 16763559; PMCID: PMC1500843.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 287     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    84. Drusen deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain nonfibrillar amyloid oligomers. J Clin Invest. 2006 Feb; 116(2):378-85. Luibl V, Isas JM, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Langen R, Chen J. PMID: 16453022; PMCID: PMC1359048.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 97     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    85. A novel calcium-independent peripheral membrane-bound form of annexin B12. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 24; 45(3):934-42. Hegde BG, Isas JM, Zampighi G, Haigler HT, Langen R. PMID: 16411769.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    86. Spin labeling analysis of amyloids and other protein aggregates. Methods Enzymol. 2006; 413:122-39. Margittai M, Langen R. PMID: 17046394.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    
    87. Calcium- and membrane-induced changes in the structure and dynamics of three helical hairpins in annexin B12. Biochemistry. 2005 Dec 20; 44(50):16435-44. Isas JM, Kim YE, Jao CC, Hegde PB, Haigler HT, Langen R. PMID: 16342936.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    88. Light causes phosphorylation of nonactivated visual pigments in intact mouse rod photoreceptor cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 16; 280(50):41184-91. Shi GW, Chen J, Concepcion F, Motamedchaboki K, Marjoram P, Langen R, Chen J. PMID: 16219764.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    89. Lipid membranes modulate the structure of islet amyloid polypeptide. Biochemistry. 2005 Sep 13; 44(36):12113-9. Jayasinghe SA, Langen R. PMID: 16142909.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 120     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    90. A helical hairpin region of soluble annexin B12 refolds and forms a continuous transmembrane helix at mildly acidic pH. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 16; 280(37):32398-404. Kim YE, Isas JM, Haigler HT, Langen R. PMID: 15975928.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    91. Evidence for a triplex DNA conformation at the bcl-2 major breakpoint region of the t(14;18) translocation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 17; 280(24):22749-60. Raghavan SC, Chastain P, Lee JS, Hegde BG, Houston S, Langen R, Hsieh CL, Haworth IS, Lieber MR. PMID: 15840562.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    92. The conserved core domains of annexins A1, A2, A5, and B12 can be divided into two groups with different Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding properties. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 01; 44(8):2833-44. Patel DR, Isas JM, Ladokhin AS, Jao CC, Kim YE, Kirsch T, Langen R, Haigler HT. PMID: 15723527.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    93. Alpha-synuclein structures from fluorescence energy-transfer kinetics: implications for the role of the protein in Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 23; 101(47):16466-71. Lee JC, Langen R, Hummel PA, Gray HB, Winkler JR. PMID: 15536128; PMCID: PMC534538.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 66     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    94. Identifying structural features of fibrillar islet amyloid polypeptide using site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 12; 279(46):48420-5. Jayasinghe SA, Langen R. PMID: 15358791.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 60     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    95. Stability and strand asymmetry in the non-B DNA structure at the bcl-2 major breakpoint region. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29; 279(44):46213-25. Raghavan SC, Houston S, Hegde BG, Langen R, Haworth IS, Lieber MR. PMID: 15328356.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    96. Template-assisted filament growth by parallel stacking of tau. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 13; 101(28):10278-83. Margittai M, Langen R. PMID: 15240881; PMCID: PMC478563.
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    97. Structure of membrane-bound alpha-synuclein studied by site-directed spin labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 01; 101(22):8331-6. Jao CC, Der-Sarkissian A, Chen J, Langen R. PMID: 15155902; PMCID: PMC420394.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 157     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    98. Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin that mediates calcium-dependent membrane binding of annexin B12. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 30; 279(31):32492-8. Isas JM, Langen R, Hubbell WL, Haigler HT. PMID: 15143059.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    99. Structural organization of alpha-synuclein fibrils studied by site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26; 278(39):37530-5. Der-Sarkissian A, Jao CC, Chen J, Langen R. PMID: 12815044.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 134     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    100. Global structural changes in annexin 12. The roles of phospholipid, Ca2+, and pH. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 08; 278(32):30227-34. Isas JM, Patel DR, Jao C, Jayasinghe S, Cartailler JP, Haigler HT, Langen R. PMID: 12756261.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    101. The Habc domain and the SNARE core complex are connected by a highly flexible linker. Biochemistry. 2003 Apr 15; 42(14):4009-14. Margittai M, Fasshauer D, Jahn R, Langen R. PMID: 12680753.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    102. Structural and dynamic features of Alzheimer's Abeta peptide in amyloid fibrils studied by site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 25; 277(43):40810-5. Török M, Milton S, Kayed R, Wu P, McIntire T, Glabe CG, Langen R. PMID: 12181315.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 128     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    103. Structure and dynamics of a helical hairpin and loop region in annexin 12: a site-directed spin labeling study. Biochemistry. 2002 Feb 05; 41(5):1464-73. Isas JM, Langen R, Haigler HT, Hubbell WL. PMID: 11814339.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    104. Rapid and selective binding to the synaptic SNARE complex suggests a modulatory role of complexins in neuroexocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 08; 277(10):7838-48. Pabst S, Margittai M, Vainius D, Langen R, Jahn R, Fasshauer D. PMID: 11751907.
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    105. Calcium-dependent binding of annexin 12 to phospholipid bilayers: stoichiometry and implications. Biochemistry. 2001 Jun 19; 40(24):7054-60. Patel DR, Jao CC, Mailliard WS, Isas JM, Langen R, Haigler HT. PMID: 11401549.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    106. Homo- and heterooligomeric SNARE complexes studied by site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20; 276(16):13169-77. Margittai M, Fasshauer D, Pabst S, Jahn R, Langen R. PMID: 11278719.
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    107. Crystal structures of spin labeled T4 lysozyme mutants: implications for the interpretation of EPR spectra in terms of structure. Biochemistry. 2000 Jul 25; 39(29):8396-405. Langen R, Oh KJ, Cascio D, Hubbell WL. PMID: 10913245.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 116     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    108. Annexins V and XII insert into bilayers at mildly acidic pH and form ion channels. Biochemistry. 2000 Mar 21; 39(11):3015-22. Isas JM, Cartailler JP, Sokolov Y, Patel DR, Langen R, Luecke H, Hall JE, Haigler HT. PMID: 10715122.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    109. Structural features of the C-terminal domain of bovine rhodopsin: a site-directed spin-labeling study. Biochemistry. 1999 Jun 22; 38(25):7918-24. Langen R, Cai K, Altenbach C, Khorana HG, Hubbell WL. PMID: 10387033.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    110. A transmembrane form of annexin XII detected by site-directed spin labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 24; 95(24):14060-5. Langen R, Isas JM, Hubbell WL, Haigler HT. PMID: 9826653; PMCID: PMC24326.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    111. Recent advances in site-directed spin labeling of proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1998 Oct; 8(5):649-56. Hubbell WL, Gross A, Langen R, Lietzow MA. PMID: 9818271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 171     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    112. Membrane-mediated assembly of annexins studied by site-directed spin labeling. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 28; 273(35):22453-7. Langen R, Isas JM, Luecke H, Haigler HT, Hubbell WL. PMID: 9712869.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    113. Structure and function in rhodopsin: topology of the C-terminal polypeptide chain in relation to the cytoplasmic loops. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23; 94(26):14267-72. Cai K, Langen R, Hubbell WL, Khorana HG. PMID: 9405601; PMCID: PMC24934.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    114. Electrostatic control of GTP and GDP binding in the oncoprotein p21ras. Structure. 1996 Apr 15; 4(4):475-89. Muegge I, Schweins T, Langen R, Warshel A. PMID: 8740369.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    115. Electron tunneling in proteins: role of the intervening medium. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 1996; 1(3):221. Ralf Langen, Jorge L. Colón, Danilo R. Casimiro, Timothy B. Karpishin, Jay R. Winkler, H. B. Gray.
    116. Electron tunneling in proteins: coupling through a beta strand. Science. 1995 Jun 23; 268(5218):1733-5. Langen R, Chang IJ, Germanas JP, Richards JH, Winkler JR, Gray HB. PMID: 7792598.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    117. Electron transfer in ruthenium-modified proteins. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1995 Jun; 27(3):295-302. Bjerrum MJ, Casimiro DR, Chang IJ, Di Bilio AJ, Gray HB, Hill MG, Langen R, Mines GA, Skov LK, Winkler JR, et al. PMID: 8847343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    118. Why have mutagenesis studies not located the general base in ras p21. Nat Struct Biol. 1994 Jul; 1(7):476-84. Schweins T, Langen R, Warshel A. PMID: 7664067.
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    119. Protein control of iron-sulfur cluster redox potentials. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 25; 267(36):25625-7. Langen R, Jensen GM, Jacob U, Stephens PJ, Warshel A. PMID: 1464583.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    120. On the mechanism of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis in ras p21 proteins. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 22; 31(37):8691-6. Langen R, Schweins T, Warshel A. PMID: 1390653.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    121. Effect of the Asn52----Ile mutation on the redox potential of yeast cytochrome c. Theory and experiment. J Mol Biol. 1992 Apr 05; 224(3):589-600. Langen R, Brayer GD, Berghuis AM, McLendon G, Sherman F, Warshel A. PMID: 1314900.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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