Jonathan Santoro

Title(s)	Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology
School	Keck School of Medicine of Usc
Address	CHLA 4650 W. Sunset Blvd., MS #82 Health Sciences Campus Los Angeles CA 90026
ORCID	0000-0002-8350-8234
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Biography

Education and Training

Tulane University, New Orleans, LA	BS	05/2007	Neuroscience
Tulan University, New Orleans, LA	MS	05/2008	Neuroscience
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA	MD	05/2013	Medicine
Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA		06/2015	Pediatrics Residency
Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA		06/2018	Child Neurology Residency
Harvard University, Boston, MA		06/2019	Neuroimmunology Fellowship

Overview

Interests

Down syndrome, Moyamoya disease, Multiple sclerosis, Autoimmune encephalitis, Down syndrome regression disorder, Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, MOG spectrum disorders, Pediatric neuroimmunology

Research

Research Activities and Funding

Non-invasive biometric screening for cerebrovascular disorders in persons with Down syndrome.
NIH K23HL155898Feb 17, 2021 - Jan 31, 2026
Role: Principal Investigator

Bibliographic

Publications

Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.

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PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.

Your note, your way: how to write an inpatient progress note accurately and efficiently as an intern. Postgrad Med J. 2022 Jul 07. Wei M, Salgado E, Girard CE, Santoro JD, Lepore N. PMID: 35798542.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Med Medicine (General)
Child Neurology: Neurodegenerative Encephalomyelopathy Associated With ACOX-1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Partially Responsive to Immunotherapy. Neurology. 2022 Jun 17. Jafarpour S, Khoshnood M, Santoro JD. PMID: 35715200.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Early Onset Diffusion Abnormalities in Refractory Headache Disorders. Front Neurol. 2022; 13:898219. Santoro JD, Moon PK, Han M, McKenna ES, Tong E, MacEachern SJ, Forkert ND, Yeom KW. PMID: 35775057; PMCID: PMC9237368.

View in: PubMed Mentions:
Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder. J Neurodev Disord. 2022 06 03; 14(1):35. Santoro JD, Partridge R, Tanna R, Pagarkar D, Khoshnood M, Rehmani M, Kammeyer RM, Gombolay GY, Fisher K, Conravey A, El-Dahr J, Christy AL, Patel L, Manning MA, Van Mater H, Rafii MS, Quinn EA. PMID: 35659536; PMCID: PMC9164321.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology Psy Psychiatry
Translation:Humans
Intracranial Vascular Tortuosity in an Infant With Dysmorphic Facies. Pediatr Neurol. 2022 06; 131:20-22. Tempchin AF, Nagesh D, Paulsen KC, Ho E, Santoro JD. PMID: 35462107.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
International Prevalence and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Stroke. 2022 08; 53(8):2497-2503. Beslow LA, Agner SC, Santoro JD, Ram D, Wilson JL, Harrar D, Appavu B, Fraser SM, Rossor T, Torres MD, Kossorotoff M, Zuñiga Zambrano YC, Hernández-Chávez M, Hassanein SMA, Zafeiriou D, Dowling MM, Kopyta I, Stence NV, Bernard TJ, Dlamini N, International Pediatric Stroke Study Group. PMID: 35380052; PMCID: PMC9311284.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Bra Brain Vas Vascular Diseases
Translation:Humans Cells PHPublic Health
Autoimmune Encephalitis. Pediatr Rev. 2022 Apr 01; 43(4):198-211. Jafarpour S, Santoro JD. PMID: 35362030.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Acetazolamide-Challenged Arterial Spin Labeling Detects Augmented Cerebrovascular Reserve After Surgery for Moyamoya. Stroke. 2022 04; 53(4):1354-1362. Rao VL, Prolo LM, Santoro JD, Zhang M, Quon JL, Jin M, Iyer A, Yedavalli V, Lober RM, Steinberg GK, Yeom KW, Grant GA. PMID: 34865510.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Bra Brain Vas Vascular Diseases
Translation:Humans
Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pediatr. 2021; 9:790159. Santoro JD, Saucier LE, Tanna R, Wiegand SE, Pagarkar D, Tempchin AF, Khoshnood M, Ahsan N, Van Haren K. PMID: 34926358; PMCID: PMC8678906.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1
Increased Autoimmunity in Individuals With Down Syndrome and Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol. 2021; 12:724969. Santoro JD, Lee S, Wang AC, Ho E, Nagesh D, Khoshnood M, Tanna R, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Manning MA, Skotko BG, Steinberg GK, Rafii MS. PMID: 34566869; PMCID: PMC8455812.

View in: PubMed Mentions:
Increased Prevalence of Familial Autoimmune Disease in Children With Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021 11; 8(6). Santoro JD, Kerr LM, Codden R, Casper TC, Greenberg BM, Waubant E, Kong SW, Mandl KD, Gorman MP. PMID: 34475249; PMCID: PMC8422990.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Pliny the Elder: Lessons from the Naturalist as an Early Neuroscientist. Neuroscientist. 2021 Jun 23; 10738584211026527. Chu DT, Rosso M, Santoro JD. PMID: 34160310.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology Psy Psychiatry
Post-infectious inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a paediatric patient with Down syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Apr 15; 14(4). Khoshnood M, Mahabir R, Shillingford NM, Santoro JD. PMID: 33858888; PMCID: PMC8054062.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Med Medicine (General)
Translation:Humans
Metabolic stroke-like episode in a child with FARS2 mutation and SARS-CoV-2 positive cerebrospinal fluid. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2021 Jun; 27:100756. Powers KT, Santoro JD. PMID: 33875935; PMCID: PMC8045429.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1
Sleep positions in children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2021 05; 81:463-465. Santoro JD, Del Rosario J, Osterbauer B, Gillett ES, Don DM. PMID: 33865077.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology Psy Psychophysiology
Translation:Humans
Underutilization of Contraception in Young Females with Demyelinating Disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Jun; 51:102881. Santoro JD, Hurtubise B, Rosario JD, Pagarkar D, Wiegand SE, Su E, Ahsan N. PMID: 33730609.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Triad of hypovitaminosis A, hyperostosis, and optic neuropathy in males with autism spectrum disorders. Nutr Neurosci. 2022 Aug; 25(8):1697-1703. Godfrey D, Stone RT, Lee M, Chitnis T, Santoro JD. PMID: 33666531.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Neu Neurology Nut Nutritional Sciences
Immunotherapy responsive SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbating opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 May; 50:102855. Wiegand SE, Mitchell WG, Santoro JD. PMID: 33677410; PMCID: PMC7899919.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans Cells
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody encephalitis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a pediatric patient. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021 Jun; 64(6):310-312. Ahsan N, Jafarpour S, Santoro JD. PMID: 33539698; PMCID: PMC8181016.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 6
William Gordon Lennox (1884-1960). J Neurol. 2021 Sep; 268(9):3512-3513. Rosso M, Chu D, Santoro JD. PMID: 33417002.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Biotinidase Deficiency as a Mimic of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in Childhood. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Oct 05. Santoro JD, Paulsen KC. PMID: 33016994; PMCID: PMC7536621.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Down syndrome with co-occurring Marfan syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Sep 23; 13(9). Wei M, Lepore N, Paulsen K, Santoro JD. PMID: 32967946; PMCID: PMC7513568.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Med Medicine (General)
Translation:Humans
Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2021 Dec; 268(12):4495-4509. Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS. PMID: 32920658.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 4 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
MOG-IgG1 and co-existence of neuronal autoantibodies. Mult Scler. 2021 07; 27(8):1175-1186. Kunchok A, Flanagan EP, Krecke KN, Chen JJ, Caceres JA, Dominick J, Ferguson I, Kinkel R, Probasco JC, Ruvalcaba M, Santoro JD, Sieloff K, Timothy J, Weinshenker BG, McKeon A, Pittock SJ. PMID: 32907470; PMCID: PMC8454216.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 5 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Bell's palsy in a pediatric patient with hyper IgM syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Brain Dev. 2021 Feb; 43(2):357-359. Theophanous C, Santoro JD, Itani R. PMID: 32950319; PMCID: PMC7472970.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 15 Fields:
Bra Brain Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans Cells
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score in a large US cohort. Neurology. 2020 09 29; 95(13):e1844-e1853. Santoro JD, Waltz M, Aaen G, Belman A, Benson L, Gorman M, Goyal MS, Graves JS, Harris Y, Krupp L, Lotze T, Mar S, Moodley M, Ness J, Rensel M, Rodriguez M, Schreiner T, Tillema JM, Waubant E, Weinstock-Guttman B, Hurtubise BF, Roalstad S, Rose J, Casper TC, Chitnis T, US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. PMID: 32690790; PMCID: PMC7682820.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Down Syndrome Disintegrative Disorder: A Clinical Regression Syndrome of Increasing Importance. Pediatrics. 2020 06; 145(6). Rosso M, Fremion E, Santoro SL, Oreskovic NM, Chitnis T, Skotko BG, Santoro JD. PMID: 32471843.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 6 Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Genetic Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Associated with RANBP2: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications in Pediatrics. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Aug; 43:102194. Levine JM, Ahsan N, Ho E, Santoro JD. PMID: 32426208; PMCID: PMC7228726.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 10 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Reader response: Characteristics of graduating US allopathic medical students pursuing a career in neurology. Neurology. 2020 04 28; 94(17):762-763. Santoro JD. PMID: 32341201.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Diminished Blood Pressure Profiles in Children With Down Syndrome. Hypertension. 2020 03; 75(3):819-825. Santoro JD, Lee S, Mlynash M, Mayne EW, Rafii MS, Skotko BG. PMID: 31928114.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 5 Fields:
Vas Vascular Diseases
Translation:Humans
A Probable Case of Recurrent Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis With Fulminant Course in a Pediatric Patient. Neurologist. 2020 Jan; 25(1):14-16. Chamsi Basha A, Kolko N, Santoro JD, Alomani H. PMID: 31876654.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Children with epilepsy demonstrate macro- and microstructural changes in the thalamus, putamen, and amygdala. Neuroradiology. 2020 Mar; 62(3):389-397. MacEachern SJ, Santoro JD, Hahn KJ, Medress ZA, Stecher X, Li MD, Hahn JS, Yeom KW, Forkert ND. PMID: 31853588.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Neu Neurology Rad Radiology
Translation:Humans
HHV-6-Associated Neurological Disease in Children: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Considerations. Pediatr Neurol. 2020 04; 105:10-20. Eliassen E, Hemond CC, Santoro JD. PMID: 31932119.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 9 Fields:
Neu Neurology Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans Animals Cells
Wilhelm Uhthoff and Uhthoff's phenomenon. Mult Scler. 2020 11; 26(13):1790-1796. Jain A, Rosso M, Santoro JD. PMID: 31621479.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Diagnostic Considerations in Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and the Interface with MOG Antibody. Neuropediatrics. 2019 10; 50(5):273-279. Santoro JD, Chitnis T. PMID: 31340401; PMCID: PMC7117081.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 8 Fields:
Neu Neurology Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Ketamine use in refractory status epilepticus associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 2019; 12:100326. Santoro JD, Filippakis A, Chitnis T. PMID: 31453565; PMCID: PMC6657533.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 5
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Disability Education Module During Clinical Clerkship. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2019 11; 58(13):1387-1393. Santoro JD, Whitgob EE, Huffman LC. PMID: 31113214.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Strokelike Episodes in a Patient With Chronic Gait Abnormalities. JAMA Neurol. 2019 05 01; 76(5):621-622. Santoro JD, Chitnis T. PMID: 30801629.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Long-term Sequelae of Pediatric Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis Includes Autonomic and Sleep Dysregulation. J Child Neurol. 2019 03; 34(3):153-160. Santoro JD. PMID: 30604651.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Commentary. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2019 Jan-Mar; 10(1):162-163. Santoro JD, Santoro TN. PMID: 30765997; PMCID: PMC6337974.

View in: PubMed Mentions:
Jacques Jean Lhermitte and Lhermitte's sign. Mult Scler. 2020 04; 26(4):501-504. Chu DT, Hautecoeur P, Santoro JD. PMID: 30570397.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Racial Bias in the US Opioid Epidemic: A Review of the History of Systemic Bias and Implications for Care. Cureus. 2018 Dec 14; 10(12):e3733. Santoro TN, Santoro JD. PMID: 30800543; PMCID: PMC6384031.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 29
Pioneers in neurology: Michel Jouvet (1925-2017). J Neurol. 2019 10; 266(10):2590-2591. Castro-Mendoza PB, Chu DT, Santoro JD. PMID: 30536107.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis. Neurology. 2019 04 30; 92(18):e2118-e2126. Messacar K, Sillau S, Hopkins SE, Otten C, Wilson-Murphy M, Wong B, Santoro JD, Treister A, Bains HK, Torres A, Zabrocki L, Glanternik JR, Hurst AL, Martin JA, Schreiner T, Makhani N, DeBiasi RL, Kruer MC, Tremoulet AH, Van Haren K, Desai J, Benson LA, Gorman MP, Abzug MJ, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. PMID: 30413631; PMCID: PMC6512883.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 19 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Human herpesvirus 6 associated post-transplant acute limbic encephalitis: Clinical observations of biomarkers for risk of seizure in a pediatric population. Transpl Infect Dis. 2019 Feb; 21(1):e13003. Santoro JD, Hemond CC. PMID: 30256500.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Tra Transplantation
Translation:Humans Cells
50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Abnormally Small Head Size and Intellect in Children. J Pediatr. 2018 10; 201:159. Santoro JD. PMID: 30244726.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Blood Pressure Elevation and Risk of Moyamoya Syndrome in Patients With Trisomy 21. Pediatrics. 2018 10; 142(4). Santoro JD, Lee S, Mlynash M, Nguyen T, Lazzareschi DV, Kraler LD, Mayne EW, Steinberg GK. PMID: 30190347.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 4 Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Use of electronic medical record templates improves quality of care for patients with infantile spasms. Health Inf Manag. 2021 Jan-May; 50(1-2):47-54. Santoro JD, Sandoval Karamian AG, Ruzhnikov M, Brimble E, Chadwick W, Wusthoff CJ. PMID: 30124080.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Med Medical Informatics
Translation:Humans
Continued Presence of Period Limb Movements During REM Sleep in Patients With Chronic Static Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 07 15; 14(7):1187-1192. Santoro JD, Frankovich J, Bhargava S. PMID: 29991427; PMCID: PMC6040797.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 4 Fields:
Neu Neurology Psy Psychophysiology
Translation:Humans
Ethics of End of Life Decisions in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review of the Roles of Caregivers, Shared Decision-Making, and Patient Centered Values. Behav Sci (Basel). 2018 Apr 26; 8(5). Santoro JD, Bennett M. PMID: 29701637; PMCID: PMC5981236.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 9
Refractory focal epilepsy in a paediatric patient with primary familial brain calcification. Seizure. 2018 Mar; 56:50-52. Knowles JK, Santoro JD, Porter BE, Baumer FM. PMID: 29448117; PMCID: PMC5899664.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 3 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Pediatric Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: a systematic review of literature and case series. J Neurol. 2018 Jan; 265(1):141-150. Santoro JD, Lazzareschi DV, Campen CJ, Van Haren KP. PMID: 29177548.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 4 Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Child Neurology Residency-Finding the Right Fit. Pediatr Neurol. 2017 02; 67:3-6. Santoro JD, Fisher PG. PMID: 27908656.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Neu Neurology Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Edwin Bickerstaff (1920-2008). J Neurol. 2017 Mar; 264(3):619-620. Yedla M, Lazzareschi DV, Santoro JD. PMID: 27671481.

View in: PubMed Mentions: Fields:
Neu Neurology
Translation:Humans
Assessing the Immunogenic Response of a Single Center's Pneumococcal Vaccination Protocol in Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016 Apr; 38(3):e102-6. Santoro JD, Myers L, Kanter J. PMID: 26886376; PMCID: PMC4801650.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 5 Fields:
Hem Hematology Neo Neoplasms Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans PHPublic Health
Iodine Supplementation for Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Apr; 31(2):245-9. Santoro JD, Nespor C, Poole RL, Kerner JA. PMID: 26507189.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Nur Nursing Nut Nutritional Sciences
Translation:Humans
Multimodality Renal Failure in a Patient with OEIS Complex. AJP Rep. 2015 Oct; 5(2):e161-4. Santoro JD, Chao S, Hsieh MH, Lee HC. PMID: 26495176; PMCID: PMC4603852.

View in: PubMed Mentions:
Pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient with cystic fibrosis. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2015; 2015:984171. Schoen L, Santoro JD, Milla C, Bhargava S. PMID: 25960909; PMCID: PMC4414227.

View in: PubMed Mentions:
A case of rhabdomyolysis in the presence of multiple risk factors and dextroamphetamine use. Am J Med Sci. 2013 Jun; 345(6):494-6. Santoro JD, Black JM, Hamm LL. PMID: 23276898.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Med Medicine (General)
Translation:Humans
A case of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in an afebrile adolescent with sickle cell disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013 Dec; 52(12):1173-5. Santoro JD, Case AE, El-Dahr J, Kanter J. PMID: 23589086.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 1 Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans
Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in neonates and young infants. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013 Feb; 52(2):111-4. Santoro JD, Carroll VG, Steele RW. PMID: 23378477.

View in: PubMed Mentions: 2 Fields:
Ped Pediatrics
Translation:Humans