Brian Toy, MD

Title(s)Assistant Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology
SchoolKeck School of Medicine of Usc
AddressHC4 4900 1450 San Pablo Street
Health Sciences Campus
Los Angeles CA 90033-6103
Phone+1 323 442 6412
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Director of Clinical Informatics and Information Technology

    Title(s)Service Chief of the Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation Service


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    Brian Toy, MD, is a vitreoretinal fellow and clinical instructor at the USC Roski Eye Institute. He graduated magna cum laude from the University of California, Berkeley, with a degree in bioengineering, received an MD with distinction from the University of California, San Francisco, and completed a clinical research fellowship at the National Institutes of Health. He completed an internship at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, a major county healthcare system in the Bay Area, and then completed an ophthalmology residency at Stanford University. Toy’s professional interests include retinal imaging, telemedicine and safety net care, particularly as applied to diabetic retinopathy. Outside of work, he enjoys hiking, skiing, and spending time with friends and family.

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    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Similar risk of kidney failure among patients with blinding diseases who receive ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab: an OHDSI Network Study. Ophthalmol Retina. 2024 Mar 20. Cai CX, Nishimura A, Bowring MG, Westlund E, Tran D, Ng JH, Nagy P, Cook M, McLeggon JA, DuVall SL, Matheny ME, Golozar A, Ostropolets A, Minty E, Desai P, Bu F, Toy B, Hribar M, Falconer T, Zhang L, Lawrence-Archer L, Boland MV, Goetz K, Hall N, Shoaibi A, Reps J, Sena AG, Blacketer C, Swerdel J, Jhaveri KD, Lee E, Gilbert Z, Zeger SL, Crews DC, Suchard MA, Hripcsak G, Ryan PB. PMID: 38519026.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Variations in Electronic Health Record-Based Definitions of Diabetic Retinopathy Cohorts: A Literature Review and Quantitative Analysis. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Jul-Aug; 4(4):100468. Chen JS, Copado IA, Vallejos C, Kalaw FGP, Soe P, Cai CX, Toy BC, Borkar D, Sun CQ, Shantha JG, Baxter SL. PMID: 38560278; PMCID: PMC10973665.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    3. Practice Patterns and Sociodemographic Disparities in the Clinical Care of Anatomical Narrow Angles in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024 Jan 11; 261:66-75. Yoo K, Apolo G, Lung K, Toy B, Xu B. PMID: 38218513.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    4. Mitigating Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity with a Clinical Decision Support Tool. Ophthalmology. 2023 08; 130(8):874-876. Mehta P, Situ BA, Wise LM, Savvas S, Daskivich LP, Toy BC. PMID: 37105380; PMCID: PMC10527761.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. A case of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus retinitis coinfection. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2023 Mar 27. Lopez J, Hua HU, Toy BC. PMID: 36977333.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    6. PURTSCHER-LIKE RETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF OUTCOMES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2023 Mar 01; 17(2):154-159. Gange WS, Haghighi A, Toy BC. PMID: 33492076.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Infectious Uveitis: Conversations with the Experts. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2023 Sep; 31(7):1333-1341. Agrawal R, Thng ZX, Gupta A, Toy BC, Dick AD, Smith JR, Chee SP, Gupta V, Rao NA. PMID: 36345248.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Rates and Patterns of Diagnostic Conversion from Anatomical Narrow Angle to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in the United States. Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2023 Mar-Apr; 6(2):169-176. Yoo K, Apolo G, Zhou S, Burkemper B, Lung K, Song B, Wong B, Toy B, Camp A, Xu B. PMID: 36058536; PMCID: PMC9978040.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Factors Affecting Ophthalmology Trainees to Pursue Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship. J Acad Ophthalmol (2017). 2022 Jan; 14(1):e110-e119. O'Fee JR, Rayess N, Pan CK, Toy BC. PMID: 37388470; PMCID: PMC9927957.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    10. Response to Comment on Gange et al. Incidence of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Neovascular Sequelae at 5 Years Following Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2518-2526. Diabetes Care. 2022 03 01; 45(3):e61-e62. Lopez J, Gange WS, Lung K, Xu BY, Seabury SA, Toy BC. PMID: 35245351; PMCID: PMC8918259.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. A Smartphone-Based Near-Vision Testing System: Design, Accuracy, and Reproducibility Compared With Standard Clinical Measures. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2022 02; 53(2):79-84. Kim DG, Webel AD, Blumenkranz MS, Kim Y, Yang JH, Yu SY, Kwak HW, Palanker D, Toy B, Myung D. PMID: 35148218; PMCID: PMC10637325.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    12. Racial and Sociodemographic Disparities in the Detection of Narrow Angles before Detection of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in the United States. Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2022 Jul-Aug; 5(4):388-395. Apolo G, Bohner A, Pardeshi A, Lung K, Toy B, Wong B, Song B, Camp A, Xu B. PMID: 35085828; PMCID: PMC9309181.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Incidence of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Neovascular Sequelae at 5 Years Following Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 11; 44(11):2518-2526. Gange WS, Lopez J, Xu BY, Lung K, Seabury SA, Toy BC. PMID: 34475031; PMCID: PMC8546279.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Implementation of a pilot teleretinal screening protocol for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a Los Angeles County safety net clinic. J Telemed Telecare. 2023 Sep; 29(8):648-656. Situ BA, Hua HU, Kaakour AH, Daskivich LP, Savvas S, Toy BC. PMID: 34134549.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Big Data-Based Epidemiology of Uveitis and Related Intraocular Inflammation. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2021 Jan-Feb 01; 10(1):60-62. Akhter M, Toy B. PMID: 33512828.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Comparison of Telemedicine Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy by Mydriatic Smartphone-Based vs Nonmydriatic Tabletop Camera-Based Fundus Imaging. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2021 May; 5(3):199-207. Han YS, Pathipati M, Pan C, Leung LS, Blumenkranz MS, Myung D, Toy BC. PMID: 34632255; PMCID: PMC8496880.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    17. Interleukins and cytokine biomarkers in uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 09; 68(9):1750-1763. Balamurugan S, Das D, Hasanreisoglu M, Toy BC, Akhter M, Anuradha VK, Anthony E, Gurnani B, Kaur K. PMID: 32823391; PMCID: PMC7690463.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of infectious uveitis and scleritis in the United States: A claims-based analysis. PLoS One. 2020; 15(8):e0237995. Zhang Y, Amin S, Lung KI, Seabury S, Rao N, Toy BC. PMID: 32841267; PMCID: PMC7447056.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Quantifying Subclinical and Longitudinal Microvascular Changes Following Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy Using Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2020 Nov; 4(6):499-508. Green KM, Toy BC, Ashimatey BS, Mustafi D, Jennelle RL, Astrahan MA, Chu Z, Wang RK, Kim J, Berry JL, Kashani AH. PMID: 33409441; PMCID: PMC7785061.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6  
    20. Rates of Eye Care and Diabetic Eye Disease among Insured Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021 02; 5(2):160-168. Gange WS, Xu BY, Lung K, Toy BC, Seabury SA. PMID: 32653554.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    21. Multimodal imaging reveals pathological edges of disease activity in tuberculosis-associated multifocal serpiginoid chorioiditis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020 Sep; 19:100766. Mustafi D, Rao NA, Toy BC. PMID: 32548335; PMCID: PMC7286979.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    22. Assessment of Eye Disease and Visual Impairment in the Nursing Home Population Using Mobile Health Technology. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020 05 01; 51(5):262-270. Lai KY, Pathipati MP, Blumenkranz MS, Leung LS, Moshfeghi DM, Toy BC, Myung D. PMID: 32511729; PMCID: PMC7408519.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Retinal capillary hemangioblastomatosis and renal tumor in Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2020 Jun; 18:100718. Gange WS, Toy BC. PMID: 32395668; PMCID: PMC7210392.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    24. Astigmatic outcomes in myopic wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis versus wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy using vector analysis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018 Nov; 44(11):1350-1354. Lee MD, Toy BC, Manche EE. PMID: 30201128.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Vector Analysis of 1-Year Astigmatic Outcomes From a Randomized Fellow Eye Comparison of Photorefractive Keratectomy Using 2 Excimer Laser Platforms. Eye Contact Lens. 2018 Sep; 44 Suppl 1:S71-S76. Toy BC, Manche EE. PMID: 28002091.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Reply. Retina. 2017 06; 37(6):e77. He L, Toy B, Blumenkranz M, Chang R, Myung D. PMID: 28376047.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    27. Reply. Ophthalmology. 2017 06; 124(6):e53. Toy BC, Schachar IH, Tan GSW, Moshfeghi DM. PMID: 28528840.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    28. POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2017 Winter; 11 Suppl 1:S128-S131. Moussa K, Bloomer MM, Schwartz DM, Pan CK, Toy BC, Crawford JB, Afshar AR. PMID: 27930435.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Chronic Vascular Arrest as a Predictor of Bevacizumab Treatment Failure in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Ophthalmology. 2016 10; 123(10):2166-75. Toy BC, Schachar IH, Tan GS, Moshfeghi DM. PMID: 27506484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera Screening for Referral-Warranted Diabetic Retinopathy in a Northern California Safety-Net Setting. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016 07 01; 47(7):636-42. Toy BC, Aguinaldo T, Eliason J, Egbert J. PMID: 27434895.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    31. SMARTPHONE-BASED DILATED FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY AND NEAR VISUAL ACUITY TESTING AS INEXPENSIVE SCREENING TOOLS TO DETECT REFERRAL WARRANTED DIABETIC EYE DISEASE. Retina. 2016 May; 36(5):1000-8. Toy BC, Myung DJ, He L, Pan CK, Chang RT, Polkinhorne A, Merrell D, Foster D, Blumenkranz MS. PMID: 26807627.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    32. Vector analysis of 1-year astigmatic outcomes from a prospective, randomized, fellow eye comparison of wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized LASIK in myopes. J Refract Surg. 2015 May; 31(5):322-7. Toy BC, Yu C, Manche EE. PMID: 25974971.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Effect of ranibizumab on high-speed indocyanine green angiography and minimum intensity projection optical coherence tomography findings in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2015 Jan; 35(1):58-68. Nicholson BP, Nigam D, Toy B, Stetson PF, Agrón E, Jacobs-El N, Cunningham D, Cukras C, Wong W, Wiley H, Chew E, Ferris F, Meyerle CB. PMID: 25077529; PMCID: PMC4276448.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Assessment of HBV preventive services in a medically underserved Asian and Pacific Islander population using provider and patient data. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Jan; 30(1):68-74. Mukhtar NA, Toy BC, Burman BE, Yu A, Chen AH, Berman P, Nguyen T, Chan D, Hammer H, McCulloch CE, Khalili M. PMID: 25324148; PMCID: PMC4284271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    35. Hepatitis B management in vulnerable populations: gaps in disease monitoring and opportunities for improved care. Dig Dis Sci. 2014 Jan; 59(1):46-56. Burman BE, Mukhtar NA, Toy BC, Nguyen TT, Chen AH, Yu A, Berman P, Hammer H, Chan D, McCulloch CE, Khalili M. PMID: 24052195; PMCID: PMC3947196.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    36. Drusen regression is associated with local changes in fundus autofluorescence in intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Sep; 156(3):532-542.e1. Toy BC, Krishnadev N, Indaram M, Cunningham D, Cukras CA, Chew EY, Wong WT. PMID: 23830564; PMCID: PMC3748172.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Prevalence and progression of pigment clumping associated with idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2. Retina. 2013 Apr; 33(4):762-70. Meleth AD, Toy BC, Nigam D, Agrón E, Murphy RP, Chew EY, Wong WT. PMID: 23064429; PMCID: PMC3549320.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Longitudinal analysis of retinal hemangioblastomatosis and visual function in ocular von Hippel-Lindau disease. Ophthalmology. 2012 Dec; 119(12):2622-30. Toy BC, Agrón E, Nigam D, Chew EY, Wong WT. PMID: 22906772; PMCID: PMC3504630.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Identification of rat ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7):e42365. Margolis EB, Toy B, Himmels P, Morales M, Fields HL. PMID: 22860119; PMCID: PMC3409171.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 96     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    40. A model for interprofessional health disparities education: student-led curriculum on chronic hepatitis B infection. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 May; 25 Suppl 2:S140-5. Sheu LC, Toy BC, Kwahk E, Yu A, Adler J, Lai CJ. PMID: 20352509; PMCID: PMC2847097.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Delays in neural processing during working memory encoding in normal aging. Neuropsychologia. 2010 Jan; 48(1):13-25. Zanto TP, Toy B, Gazzaley A. PMID: 19666036; PMCID: PMC2794969.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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