Biren A. Patel, PhD

Title(s)Professor of Clinical Medical Education
SchoolKeck School of Medicine of Usc
AddressBMT 404 1333 San Pablo Street
Health Sciences Campus
Los Angeles CA 90089
Phone+1 323 442 2093
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0003-1844-1931 Additional info
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    I am a biological anthropologist with scholarly interests in evolutionary and functional morphology and my research programs investigate a variety of questions about human and non-human primate evolution. In particular, I am interested in better understanding the evolution of primate locomotor behavior, and more specifically the evolution of human and non-human primate hand and foot function.

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Additional analyses of stem catarrhine and hominoid dental morphology support Kapi ramnagarensis as a stem hylobatid. J Hum Evol. 2025 Feb; 199:103628. Gilbert CC, Ortiz A, Pugh KD, Campisano CJ, Patel BA, Singh NP, Fleagle JG, Patnaik R. PMID: 39764860.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Primate Phenotypes: A Multi-Institution Collection of 3D Morphological Data Housed in MorphoSource. Sci Data. 2024 Dec 18; 11(1):1391. Almécija S, Pugh KD, Anaya A, Smith CM, Simmons NB, Voss RS, Duncan N, Lunde DP, Viera MK, Hsu T, Gilissen E, Maiolino SA, Winchester JM, Patel BA, Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Delson E, Hammond AS, Boyer DM, Catalano SA. PMID: 39695181; PMCID: PMC11655552.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    3. Trabecular bone variation in the gorilla calcaneus. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2024 07; 184(3):e24939. Harper CM, Patel BA. PMID: 38631677.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    4. Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot's medial longitudinal arch. Commun Biol. 2023 10 19; 6(1):1061. Sorrentino R, Carlson KJ, Orr CM, Pietrobelli A, Figus C, Li S, Conconi M, Sancisi N, Belvedere C, Zhu M, Fiorenza L, Hublin JJ, Jashashvili T, Novak M, Patel BA, Prang TC, Williams SA, Saers JPP, Stock JT, Ryan T, Myerson M, Leardini A, DeSilva J, Marchi D, Belcastro MG, Benazzi S. PMID: 37857853; PMCID: PMC10587292.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: Translation:HumansAnimals
    5. A geometric morphometric approach to investigate primate proximal phalanx diaphysis shape. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2022 03; 177(3):581-602. Wennemann SE, Lewton KL, Orr CM, Almécija S, Tocheri MW, Jungers WL, Patel BA. PMID: 35755956; PMCID: PMC9231826.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    6. Evolutionary trends of the lateral foot in catarrhine primates: Contextualizing the fourth metatarsal of Australopithecus afarensis. J Hum Evol. 2021 12; 161:103078. Anaya A, Patel BA, Orr CM, Ward CV, Almécija S. PMID: 34749002.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    7. Bone volume in the distal calcaneus correlates with body size but not leap frequency in galagids. Am J Biol Anthropol. 2022 01; 177(1):27-38. Lewton KL, Cardenas EE, Cruz D, Morales J, Patel BA. PMID: 36787780.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    8. Homo naledi pollical metacarpal shaft morphology is distinctive and intermediate between that of australopiths and other members of the genus Homo. J Hum Evol. 2021 09; 158:103048. Bowland LA, Scott JE, Kivell TL, Patel BA, Tocheri MW, Orr CM. PMID: 34340120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    9. Morphological analysis of new Dryas Monkey specimens from the Central Congo Basin: Taxonomic considerations and an emended diagnosis. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2021 11; 176(3):361-389. Gilbert CC, Gilissen E, Arenson JL, Patel BA, Nakatsukasa M, Hart TB, Hart JA, Detwiler KM, Sargis EJ. PMID: 33931848.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    10. New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record. Proc Biol Sci. 2020 09 09; 287(1934):20201655. Gilbert CC, Ortiz A, Pugh KD, Campisano CJ, Patel BA, Singh NP, Fleagle JG, Patnaik R. PMID: 32900315; PMCID: PMC7542791.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    11. Phalangeal curvature in a chimpanzee raised like a human: Implications for inferring arboreality in fossil hominins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 05 26; 117(21):11223-11225. Wallace IJ, Burgess ML, Patel BA. PMID: 32393625; PMCID: PMC7260939.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    12. Strength properties of extant hominoid hallucal and pollical metapodials. J Hum Evol. 2020 06; 143:102774. Patel BA, Orr CM, Jashashvili T. PMID: 32325278.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    13. Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Graft: A Quantitative Anatomic Comparison to the Proximal Pole of the Scaphoid. J Wrist Surg. 2020 Aug; 9(4):283-288. Hill JR, Heckmann N, McKnight B, White EA, Ghiassi A, Patel BA. PMID: 32760606; PMCID: PMC7395846.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    14. Getting its feet on the ground: Elucidating Paralouatta’s semi-terrestriality using the virtual morpho-functional toolbox. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2020; 8:79. Püschel TA, Marcé-Nogué J, Gladman J, Patel BA, Almécija S, Sellers WI. View Publication.
    15. Calcaneal elongation and bone strength in leaping galagids. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2020 03; 171(3):430-438. Lewton KL, Patel BA. PMID: 31710709.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    16. Histovariability in human clavicular cortical bone microstructure and its mechanical implications. J Anat. 2019 11; 235(5):873-882. Crane MA, Kato KM, Patel BA, Huttenlocker AK. PMID: 31373387; PMCID: PMC6794202.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. New Sivapithecus specimen from Ramnagar (Jammu & Kashmir), India and a taxonomic revision of Ramnagar hominoids. Journal of Human Evolution. 2019; 135:102665. Gilbert CC, Sehgal RK, Pugh KD, Campisano CJ, May E, Patel BA, Singh NP, Patnaik R. View Publication.
    18. Evolution and function of the hominin forefoot. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 08 28; 115(35):8746-8751. Fernández PJ, Mongle CS, Leakey L, Proctor DJ, Orr CM, Patel BA, Almécija S, Tocheri MW, Jungers WL. PMID: 30104373; PMCID: PMC6126759.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    19. Evaluation of Articular Surface Similarity of Hemi-Hamate Grafts and Proximal Middle Phalanx Morphology: A 3D Geometric Morphometric Approach. J Hand Surg Am. 2019 Feb; 44(2):121-128. Sollaccio DR, Navo P, Ghiassi A, Orr CM, Patel BA, Lewton KL. PMID: 30017649.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Effects of selective breeding for high voluntary wheel-running behavior on femoral nutrient canal size and abundance in house mice. J Anat. 2018 08; 233(2):193-203. Schwartz NL, Patel BA, Garland T, Horner AM. PMID: 29851089; PMCID: PMC6036937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    21. Inter-ray variation in metatarsal strength properties in humans and African apes: Implications for inferring bipedal biomechanics in the Olduvai Hominid 8 foot. J Hum Evol. 2018 08; 121:147-165. Patel BA, Jashashvili T, Bui SH, Carlson KJ, Griffin NL, Wallace IJ, Orr CM, Susman RL. PMID: 29764690.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    22. Subchondral Bone Radiodensity Patterns in the Glenoid Fossa of Ape and Human Scapulae. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2018 05; 301(5):776-785. Patel BA, Romanu JT, Carlson KJ. PMID: 29281860.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    23. Ontogeny of hallucal metatarsal rigidity and shape in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). J Anat. 2018 Jan; 232(1):39-53. Patel BA, Organ JM, Jashashvili T, Bui SH, Dunsworth HM. PMID: 29098692; PMCID: PMC5735049.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Adaptation to bipedal gait and fifth metatarsal structural properties in Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo. C. R. Palevol. 2017; 16(5-6):585-599. Dowdeswell MR, Jashashvili R, Patel BA, Lebrun R, Susman RL, Lordkipanidze D, Carlson KJ.
    25. Catarrhine hallucal metatarsals from the early Miocene site of Songhor, Kenya. J Hum Evol. 2017 07; 108:176-198. Patel BA, Yapuncich GS, Tran C, Nengo IO. PMID: 28622929.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    26. New sivaladapid primate from Lower Siwalik deposits surrounding Ramnagar (Jammu and Kashmir State), India. J Hum Evol. 2017 01; 102:21-41. Gilbert CC, Patel BA, Singh NP, Campisano CJ, Fleagle JG, Rust KL, Patnaik R. PMID: 28012462.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    27. An Early Pleistocene human pedal phalanx from Swartkrans, SKX 16699, and the antiquity of the human lateral forefoot. C. R. Palevol. 2016; 15(8):978–987. Trinkaus, E, Patel BA.
    28. Morphological diversity in the digital rays of primate hands. In: Kivell TL, Lemelin P, Richmond BG, and Schmitt D (editors), The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional and Paleontological Evidence. 2016; pp. 55-100. Patel BA, Maiolino SA.
    29. Trabecular architecture in the StW 352 fossil hominin calcaneus. J Hum Evol. 2016 08; 97:145-58. Zeininger A, Patel BA, Zipfel B, Carlson KJ. PMID: 27457551.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    30. The locomotion of Babakotia radofilai inferred from epiphyseal and diaphyseal morphology of the humerus and femur. J Morphol. 2016 09; 277(9):1199-218. Marchi D, Ruff CB, Capobianco A, Rafferty KL, Habib MB, Patel BA. PMID: 27324923.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    31. Distinct functional roles of primate grasping hands and feet during arboreal quadrupedal locomotion. J Hum Evol. 2015 Nov; 88:79-84. Patel BA, Wallace IJ, Boyer DM, Granatosky MC, Larson SG, Stern JT. PMID: 26553820.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    32. Functional aspects of metatarsal head shape in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys. J Hum Evol. 2015 Sep; 86:136-46. Fernández PJ, Almécija S, Patel BA, Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Jungers WL. PMID: 26276534.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    33. Mouse hallucal metatarsal cross-sectional geometry in a simulated fine branch niche. J Morphol. 2015 Jul; 276(7):759-65. Byron CD, Herrel A, Pauwels E, Muynck AD, Patel BA. PMID: 25758098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    34. Electromyography of crural and pedal muscles in tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella): Implications for hallucal grasping behavior and first metatarsal morphology in euprimates. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015 Apr; 156(4):553-64. Patel BA, Larson SG, Stern JT. PMID: 25693754.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    35. Exploring phylogenetic and functional signals in complex morphologies: the hamate of extant anthropoids as a test-case study. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2015 Jan; 298(1):212-29. Almécija S, Orr CM, Tocheri MW, Patel BA, Jungers WL. PMID: 25529242.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    36. Functional morphology of the hallucal metatarsal with implications for inferring grasping ability in extinct primates. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2015 Mar; 156(3):327-48. Goodenberger KE, Boyer DM, Orr CM, Jacobs RL, Femiani JC, Patel BA. PMID: 25378276.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    37. Geometric properties and comparative biomechanics of Homo floresiensis mandibles. J Hum Evol. 2014 Mar; 68:36-46. Daegling DJ, Patel BA, Jungers WL. PMID: 24560803.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    38. New Lower Siwalik localities near Ramnagar, India: implications for the earliest Asian great apes and other mammalian linages. Select Publications of the Palaeontological Society of India. 2014; 5:353-365. Gilbert CC, Patel BA, Friedman AC, Pugh KD, Fleagle JG, Patnaik R.
    39. Cercopithecoid primate postcranial fossils from Cooper’s D, South Africa. GeoBios. 2013; 46:381-394. DeSilva JM, Steininger C, Patel BA. View Publication.
    40. Ontogenetic scaling of fore- and hind limb posture in wild chacma baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus). PLoS One. 2013; 8(7):e71020. Patel BA, Horner AM, Thompson NE, Barrett L, Henzi SP. PMID: 23923046; PMCID: PMC3726614.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    41. A resampling approach and implications for estimating the phalangeal index from unassociated hand bones in fossil primates. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2013 Jun; 151(2):280-9. Venkataraman VV, Rolian C, Gordon AD, Patel BA. PMID: 23633100.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    42. Joint loads in marsupial ankles reflect habitual bipedalism versus quadrupedalism. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e58811. Carlson KJ, Jashashvili T, Houghton K, Westaway MC, Patel BA. PMID: 23554931; PMCID: PMC3595237.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    43. Humeral cross-sectional shape in suspensory primates and sloths. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2013 Apr; 296(4):545-56. Patel BA, Ruff CB, Simons EL, Organ JM. PMID: 23408647.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    44. New primate first metatarsals from the Paleogene of Egypt and the origin of the anthropoid big toe. J Hum Evol. 2012 Jul; 63(1):99-120. Patel BA, Seiffert ER, Boyer DM, Jacobs RL, St Clair EM, Simons EL. PMID: 22694838.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    45. Electromyography of wrist and finger flexor muscles in olive baboons (Papio anubis). J Exp Biol. 2012 Jan 01; 215(Pt 1):115-23. Patel BA, Larson SG, Stern JT. PMID: 22162859.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    46. The endocranial petrosal anatomy of Bothriogenys (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Anthracotheriidae), and petrosal volume and density comparisons among aquatic and terrestrial artiodactylans and outgroups. Journal Paleontology. 2012; 86:44-50. O’Leary MA, Patel BA, Coleman MN. View Publication.
    47. Algorithms to automatically quantify the geometric similarity of anatomical surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 08; 108(45):18221-6. Boyer DM, Lipman Y, St Clair E, Puente J, Patel BA, Funkhouser T, Jernvall J, Daubechies I. PMID: 22025685; PMCID: PMC3215009.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    
    48. Metatarsal fusion pattern and developmental morphology of the Olduvai Hominid 8 foot: Evidence of adolescence. J Hum Evol. 2011 Jan; 60(1):58-69. Susman RL, Patel BA, Francis MJ, Cardoso HF. PMID: 21074829.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    49. Apparent density of the primate calcaneo-cuboid joint and its association with locomotor mode, foot posture, and the "midtarsal break". Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Jun; 142(2):180-93. Nowak MG, Carlson KJ, Patel BA. PMID: 19918985.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    50. Dynamic pressure patterns in the hands of olive baboons (Papio anubis) during terrestrial locomotion: implications for cercopithecoid primate hand morphology. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2010 Apr; 293(4):710-8. Patel BA, Wunderlich RE. PMID: 20235326.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    51. Functional morphology of cercopithecoid primate metacarpals. J Hum Evol. 2010 Apr; 58(4):320-37. Patel BA. PMID: 20226498.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    52. The interplay between speed, kinetics, and hand postures during primate terrestrial locomotion. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Feb; 141(2):222-34. Patel BA. PMID: 19639641.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    53. Distal forelimb kinematics in Erythrocebus patas and Papio anubis during walking and galloping. International Journal of Primatology. 2010; 31:191-207. Patel BA, Polk JD. View Publication.
    54. Terrestrial adaptations in the hands of Equatorius africanus revisited. J Hum Evol. 2009 Dec; 57(6):763-72. Patel BA, Susman RL, Rossie JB, Hill A. PMID: 19879632.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    55. Hallucal grasping in Nycticebus coucang: further implications for the functional significance of a large peroneal process. J Hum Evol. 2010 Jan; 58(1):33-42. Kingston AK, Boyer DM, Patel BA, Larson SG, Stern JT. PMID: 19800655.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    56. Comparative functional morphology of the primate peroneal process. J Hum Evol. 2009 Dec; 57(6):721-31. Jacobs RL, Boyer DM, Patel BA. PMID: 19765802.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    57. Not so fast: speed effects on forelimb kinematics in cercopithecine monkeys and implications for digitigrade postures in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Sep; 140(1):92-112. Patel BA. PMID: 19294733.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    58. Apparent density patterns in subchondral bone of the sloth and anteater forelimb. Biol Lett. 2008 Oct 23; 4(5):486-9. Patel BA, Carlson KJ. PMID: 18628113; PMCID: PMC2610091.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    59. Body mass distribution and gait mechanics in fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). J Hum Evol. 2007 Jul; 53(1):26-40. Young JW, Patel BA, Stevens NJ. PMID: 17512970.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    60. Telemetered electromyography of peroneus longus in Varecia variegata and Eulemur rubriventer: implications for the functional significance of a large peroneal process. J Hum Evol. 2007 Aug; 53(2):119-34. Boyer DM, Patel BA, Larson SG, Stern JT. PMID: 17349678.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    61. Bone density spatial patterns in the distal radius reflect habitual hand postures adopted by quadrupedal primates. J Hum Evol. 2007 Feb; 52(2):130-41. Patel BA, Carlson KJ. PMID: 17055031.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    62. Cercopithecoid cervical vertebral morphology and implications for the presence of Theropithecus in early Pleistocene Europe. J Hum Evol. 2007 Feb; 52(2):113-29. Patel BA, Gilbert CC, Ericson KE. PMID: 17011609.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    63. Dental metric comparisons of Morotopithecus and Afropithecus: implications for the validity of the genus Morotopithecus. J Hum Evol. 2006 Nov; 51(5):506-12. Patel BA, Grossman A. PMID: 16914180.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    64. Habitual use of the primate forelimb is reflected in the material properties of subchondral bone in the distal radius. J Anat. 2006 Jun; 208(6):659-70. Carlson KJ, Patel BA. PMID: 16761969; PMCID: PMC2100237.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    65. Modeling masticatory muscle force in finite element analysis: sensitivity analysis using principal coordinates analysis. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2005 Apr; 283(2):288-99. Ross CF, Patel BA, Slice DE, Strait DS, Dechow PC, Richmond BG, Spencer MA. PMID: 15747351.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 43     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    66. The hominoid proximal radius: re-interpreting locomotor behaviors in early hominins. J Hum Evol. 2005 Apr; 48(4):415-32. Patel BA. PMID: 15788187.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    67. Modeling elastic properties in finite-element analysis: how much precision is needed to produce an accurate model? Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2005 Apr; 283(2):275-87. Strait DS, Wang Q, Dechow PC, Ross CF, Richmond BG, Spencer MA, Patel BA. PMID: 15747346.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 85     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    68. Form and function of the oblique cord (chorda obliqua) in anthropoid primates. Primates. 2005 Jan; 46(1):47-57. Patel BA. PMID: 15241636.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
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