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Edward Lawrence Avol, MS

Title(s)Professor of Clinical Preventive Medicine
Phone+1 323 442 1090
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Division Chief, Environmental Health


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    Ed Avol is Professor of Clinical Preventive Medicine, with expertise in exposure assessment and acute/chronic respiratory and cardiovascular effects of airborne pollutants in populations at risk (including children, athletes, and subjects with compromised lung function). He was the Deputy Director of the Children's Health Study and is a key investigator in multiple ongoing investigations of the effects of environmental exposures on human health. He is the Director of the Spatial Exposure and Analytics Core (SEAC) in the NIEHS-supported Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, Director of the Population Resources Core of the FDA-sponsored Tobacco Research Center, and is a co-investigator on several NIH and regional studies to assess the association of air pollution with children's respiratory health. Professor Avol both teaches in and leads the undergraduate Environmental Health teaching track through the Health Promotion program at USC. He is also actively involved in community outreach efforts, particularly with regard to health and air quality issues associated with Los Angeles/Long Beach seaport operations and expansions.

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    Air Pollution, Intima-media Thickness, and Lung Function in College Students
    NIH/NIEHS R01ES014708Sep 30, 2006 - Jul 31, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Air Pollution and Preclinical Atherosclerosis in Elementary-School Children
    NIH/NIEHS R01ES014447May 1, 2006 - Aug 31, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Chen Z, Newgard CB, Kim JS, IIkayeva O, Alderete TL, Thomas DC, Berhane K, Breton C, Chatzi L, Bastain TM, McConnell R, Avol E, Lurmann F, Muehlbauer MJ, Hauser ER, Gilliland FD. Near-roadway air pollution exposure and altered fatty acid oxidation among adolescents and young adults - The interplay with obesity. Environ Int. 2019 Jun 22; 130:104935. PMID: 31238265.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Urman R, Eckel S, Deng H, Berhane K, Avol E, Lurmann F, McConnell R, Gilliland F. RISK EFFECTS OF NEAR-ROADWAY POLLUTANTS AND ASTHMA STATUS ON BRONCHITIC SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN. Environ Epidemiol. 2018 Jun; 2(2). PMID: 30519674.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Spalt EW, Curl CL, Allen RW, Cohen M, Adar SD, Stukovsky KH, Avol E, Castro-Diehl C, Nunn C, Mancera-Cuevas K, Kaufman JD. Time-location patterns of a diverse population of older adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2016 06; 26(4):436. PMID: 27305961.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Breton CV, Yao J, Millstein J, Gao L, Siegmund KD, Mack W, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Lurmann F, Hodis H, Avol E, Gilliland FD. Prenatal Air Pollution Exposures, DNA Methyl Transferase Genotypes, and Associations with Newborn LINE1 and Alu Methylation and Childhood Blood Pressure and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Children's Health Study. Environ Health Perspect. 2016 12; 124(12):1905-1912. PMID: 27219456.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Tam E, Miike R, Labrenz S, Sutton AJ, Elias T, Davis J, Chen YL, Tantisira K, Dockery D, Avol E. Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children. Environ Int. 2016 Jul-Aug; 92-93:543-52. PMID: 27197039.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Berhane K, Chang CC, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Rapapport E, Urman R, Lurmann F, Gilliland F. Association of Changes in Air Quality With Bronchitic Symptoms in Children in California, 1993-2012. JAMA. 2016 Apr 12; 315(14):1491-501. PMID: 27115265.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Breton CV, Mack WJ, Yao J, Berhane K, Amadeus M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, McConnell R, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Early Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Young Adults. PLoS One. 2016; 11(3):e0150825. PMID: 26950592.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Spalt EW, Curl CL, Allen RW, Cohen M, Adar SD, Stukovsky KH, Avol E, Castro-Diehl C, Nunn C, Mancera-Cuevas K, Kaufman JD. Time-location patterns of a diverse population of older adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2016 06; 26(4):349-55. PMID: 25921083.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E, Berhane K, McConnell R, Rappaport E, Chang R, Lurmann F, Gilliland F. Association of improved air quality with lung development in children. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 05; 372(10):905-13. PMID: 25738666; PMCID: PMC4430551.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    10. Lurmann F, Avol E, Gilliland F. Emissions reduction policies and recent trends in Southern California's ambient air quality. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2015 Mar; 65(3):324-35. PMID: 25947128.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Urman R, Gauderman J, Fruin S, Lurmann F, Liu F, Hosseini R, Franklin M, Avol E, Penfold B, Gilliland F, Brunekreef B, McConnell R. Determinants of the Spatial Distributions of Elemental Carbon and Particulate Matter in Eight Southern Californian Communities. Atmos Environ (1994). 2014 Apr 01; 86:84-92. PMID: 25313293.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Breton CV, Park C, Siegmund K, Gauderman WJ, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Hodis HN, Avol E, Gilliland FD. NOS1 methylation and carotid artery intima-media thickness in children. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2014 Apr; 7(2):116-22. PMID: 24622112.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Fruin S, Urman R, Lurmann F, McConnell R, Gauderman J, Rappaport E, Franklin M, Gilliland FD, Shafer M, Gorski P, Avol E. Spatial Variation in Particulate Matter Components over a Large Urban Area. Atmos Environ (1994). 2014 Feb 01; 83:211-219. PMID: 24578605.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Urman R, McConnell R, Islam T, Avol EL, Lurmann FW, Vora H, Linn WS, Rappaport EB, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ. Associations of children's lung function with ambient air pollution: joint effects of regional and near-roadway pollutants. Thorax. 2014 Jun; 69(6):540-7. PMID: 24253832; PMCID: PMC4191894.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    15. Breton CV, Yin F, Wang X, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Araujo JA. HDL anti-oxidant function associates with LDL level in young adults. Atherosclerosis. 2014 Jan; 232(1):165-70. PMID: 24401232.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Sussman S, Ames SL, Avol E. Could environmental exposures facilitate the incidence of addictive behaviors? Eval Health Prof. 2015 Mar; 38(1):53-8. PMID: 23970431.
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    17. Breton CV, Wang X, Mack WJ, Berhane K, Lopez M, Islam TS, Feng M, Lurmann F, McConnell R, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Response to letter regarding article, “Childhood air pollutant exposure and carotid artery intima–media thickness in young adults”. Circulation. 2013 Jun 04; 127(22):e659. PMID: 23882698.
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    18. Zhang R, Duhl T, Salam MT, House JM, Flagan RC, Avol EL, Gilliland FD, Guenther A, Chung SH, Lamb BK, VanReken TM. Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease. Biogeosciences. 2013 Mar 01; 10(3):3977-4023. PMID: 24839448.
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    19. Dratva J, Breton CV, Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Salam MT, Zemp E, Gilliland F, Kuenzli N, Avol E. Birth weight and carotid artery intima-media thickness. J Pediatr. 2013 May; 162(5):906-11.e1-2. PMID: 23260106.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Breton CV, Wang X, Mack WJ, Berhane K, Lopez M, Islam TS, Feng M, Lurmann F, McConnell R, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Childhood air pollutant exposure and carotid artery intima-media thickness in young adults. Circulation. 2012 Sep 25; 126(13):1614-20. PMID: 22896588.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Allen RW, Adar SD, Avol E, Cohen M, Curl CL, Larson T, Liu LJ, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD. Modeling the residential infiltration of outdoor PM(2.5) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jun; 120(6):824-30. PMID: 22534026.
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    22. Franklin M, Vora H, Avol E, McConnell R, Lurmann F, Liu F, Penfold B, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Gauderman WJ. Predictors of intra-community variation in air quality. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Mar-Apr; 22(2):135-47. PMID: 22252279.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Islam T, Urman R, Gauderman WJ, Milam J, Lurmann F, Shankardass K, Avol E, Gilliland F, McConnell R. Parental stress increases the detrimental effect of traffic exposure on children's lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Oct 01; 184(7):822-7. PMID: 21700914; PMCID: PMC3208647.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    24. Mercer LD, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Lindström J, Adar SD, Allen RW, Avol EL, Oron AP, Larson T, Liu LJ, Kaufman JD. Comparing universal kriging and land-use regression for predicting concentrations of gaseous oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Atmos Environ (1994). 2011 Aug 01; 45(26):4412-4420. PMID: 21808599.
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    25. Eckel SP, Berhane K, Salam MT, Rappaport EB, Linn WS, Bastain TM, Zhang Y, Lurmann F, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Residential traffic-related pollution exposures and exhaled nitric oxide in the children's health study. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Oct; 119(10):1472-7. PMID: 21708511.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Breton CV, Wang X, Mack WJ, Berhane K, Lopez M, Islam TS, Feng M, Hodis HN, Künzli N, Avol E. Carotid artery intima-media thickness in college students: race/ethnicity matters. Atherosclerosis. 2011 Aug; 217(2):441-6. PMID: 21679950.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Bastain TM, Islam T, Berhane KT, McConnell RS, Rappaport EB, Salam MT, Linn WS, Avol EL, Zhang Y, Gilliland FD. Exhaled nitric oxide, susceptibility and new-onset asthma in the Children's Health Study. Eur Respir J. 2011 Mar; 37(3):523-31. PMID: 20634264.
      View in: PubMed
    28. McConnell R, Islam T, Shankardass K, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, Gauderman J, Avol E, Künzli N, Yao L, Peters J, Berhane K. Childhood incident asthma and traffic-related air pollution at home and school. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jul; 118(7):1021-6. PMID: 20371422.
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    29. Perez L, Künzli N, Avol E, Hricko AM, Lurmann F, Nicholas E, Gilliland F, Peters J, McConnell R. Global goods movement and the local burden of childhood asthma in southern California. Am J Public Health. 2009 Nov; 99 Suppl 3:S622-8. PMID: 19890167.
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    30. Cohen MA, Adar SD, Allen RW, Avol E, Curl CL, Gould T, Hardie D, Ho A, Kinney P, Larson TV, Sampson P, Sheppard L, Stukovsky KD, Swan SS, Liu LJ, Kaufman JD. Approach to estimating participant pollutant exposures in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Jul 01; 43(13):4687-93. PMID: 19673252.
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    31. Mirabelli MC, Künzli N, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters JM. Respiratory symptoms following wildfire smoke exposure: airway size as a susceptibility factor. Epidemiology. 2009 May; 20(3):451-9. PMID: 19276978.
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    32. Wenten M, Li YF, Lin PC, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, Avol E, Gilliland FD. In utero smoke exposure, glutathione S-transferase P1 haplotypes, and respiratory illness-related absence among schoolchildren. Pediatrics. 2009 May; 123(5):1344-51. PMID: 19403501.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Linn WS, Rappaport EB, Berhane KT, Bastain TM, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based study of southern California schoolchildren. Respir Res. 2009 Apr 21; 10:28. PMID: 19379527.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Islam T, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) P1, GSTM1, exercise, ozone and asthma incidence in school children. Thorax. 2009 Mar; 64(3):197-202. PMID: 18988661.
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    35. Linn WS, Berhane KT, Rappaport EB, Bastain TM, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Relationships of online exhaled, offline exhaled, and ambient nitric oxide in an epidemiologic survey of schoolchildren. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Nov; 19(7):674-81. PMID: 18941479.
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    36. Jerrett M, Shankardass K, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, Künzli N, Avol E, Gilliland F, Lurmann F, Molitor JN, Molitor JT, Thomas DC, Peters J, McConnell R. Traffic-related air pollution and asthma onset in children: a prospective cohort study with individual exposure measurement. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Oct; 116(10):1433-8. PMID: 18941591; PMCID: PMC2569108.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    37. Cozen W, Avol E, Diaz-Sanchez D, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Cockburn MG, Zadnick J, Jyrala M, Mack TM. Use of an electrostatic dust cloth for self-administered home allergen collection. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2008 Apr; 11(2):150-5. PMID: 18361715.
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    38. Li YF, Gauderman WJ, Conti DV, Lin PC, Avol E, Gilliland FD. Glutathione S-transferase P1, maternal smoking, and asthma in children: a haplotype-based analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Mar; 116(3):409-15. PMID: 18335111.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Ozone, oxidant defense genes, and risk of asthma during adolescence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Feb 15; 177(4):388-95. PMID: 18048809; PMCID: PMC2258440.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    40. Salam MT, Lin PC, Avol EL, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase P1, traffic and childhood asthma. Thorax. 2007 Dec; 62(12):1050-7. PMID: 17711870; PMCID: PMC2094290.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    41. Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Berhane K, McConnell R, Avol E, Peters JM, Gilliland FD. Relationship between air pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescents. Thorax. 2007 Nov; 62(11):957-63. PMID: 17517830.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Gauderman WJ, Vora H, McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Avol E, Kunzli N, Jerrett M, Peters J. Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study. Lancet. 2007 Feb 17; 369(9561):571-7. PMID: 17307103.
      View in: PubMed
    43. McConnell R, Berhane K, Molitor J, Gilliland F, Künzli N, Thorne PS, Thomas D, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Jerrett M, Peters JM. Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Dec; 114(12):1910-5. PMID: 17185284.
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    44. Gilliland FD, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E, Peters JM. Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Nov 15; 174(10):1094-100. PMID: 16973983.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Künzli N, Avol E, Wu J, Gauderman WJ, Rappaport E, Millstein J, Bennion J, McConnell R, Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Lurmann F, Winer A, Peters JM. Health effects of the 2003 Southern California wildfires on children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Dec 01; 174(11):1221-8. PMID: 16946126.
      View in: PubMed
    46. McConnell R, Berhane K, Yao L, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, Künzli N, Gauderman J, Avol E, Thomas D, Peters J. Traffic, susceptibility, and childhood asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2006 May; 114(5):766-72. PMID: 16675435.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Li YF, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. Associations of tumor necrosis factor G-308A with childhood asthma and wheezing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 May 01; 173(9):970-6. PMID: 16456144; PMCID: PMC2662916.
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    48. Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Lurmann F, Kuenzli N, Gilliland F, Peters J, McConnell R. Childhood asthma and exposure to traffic and nitrogen dioxide. Epidemiology. 2005 Nov; 16(6):737-43. PMID: 16222162.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Salam MT, Margolis HG, McConnell R, McGregor JA, Avol EL, Gilliland FD. Mode of delivery is associated with asthma and allergy occurrences in children. Ann Epidemiol. 2006 May; 16(5):341-6. PMID: 16242961.
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    50. Gilliland F, Avol E, Kinney P, Jerrett M, Dvonch T, Lurmann F, Buckley T, Breysse P, Keeler G, de Villiers T, McConnell R. Air pollution exposure assessment for epidemiologic studies of pregnant women and children: lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct; 113(10):1447-54. PMID: 16203261.
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    51. Wenten M, Berhane K, Rappaport EB, Avol E, Tsai WW, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. TNF-308 modifies the effect of second-hand smoke on respiratory illness-related school absences. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec 15; 172(12):1563-8. PMID: 16166621; PMCID: PMC2718456.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    52. McConnell R, Berhane K, Yao L, Lurmann FW, Avol E, Peters JM. Predicting residential ozone deficits from nearby traffic. Sci Total Environ. 2006 Jun 15; 363(1-3):166-74. PMID: 16095670.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Li YF, Tsao YH, Gauderman WJ, Conti DV, Avol E, Dubeau L, Gilliland FD. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and childhood asthma. Hum Genet. 2005 Sep; 117(5):476-84. PMID: 16021473.
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    54. Thorne PS, Metwali N, Avol E, McConnell RS. Surface sampling for endotoxin assessment using electrostatic wiping cloths. Ann Occup Hyg. 2005 Jul; 49(5):401-6. PMID: 15689394.
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    55. Salo PM, Xia J, Johnson CA, Li Y, Kissling GE, Avol EL, Liu C, London SJ. Respiratory symptoms in relation to residential coal burning and environmental tobacco smoke among early adolescents in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2004 Dec 07; 3(1):14. PMID: 15585063; PMCID: PMC543575.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    56. Millstein J, Gilliland F, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E, Rappaport EB, Peters JM. Effects of ambient air pollutants on asthma medication use and wheezing among fourth-grade school children from 12 Southern California communities enrolled in The Children's Health Study. Arch Environ Health. 2004 Oct; 59(10):505-14. PMID: 16425660.
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    57. Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Gilliland F, Vora H, Thomas D, Berhane K, McConnell R, Kuenzli N, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Margolis H, Bates D, Peters J. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 09; 351(11):1057-67. PMID: 15356303.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Salo PM, Xia J, Johnson CA, Li Y, Avol EL, Gong J, London SJ. Indoor allergens, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan, China. Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Sep; 14(8):543-50. PMID: 15350953; PMCID: PMC1626161.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    59. Mueller-Anneling L, Avol E, Peters JM, Thorne PS. Ambient endotoxin concentrations in PM10 from Southern California. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr; 112(5):583-8. PMID: 15064165.
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    60. Künzli N, McConnell R, Bates D, Bastain T, Hricko A, Lurmann F, Avol E, Gilliland F, Peters J. Breathless in Los Angeles: the exhausting search for clean air. Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep; 93(9):1494-9. PMID: 12948969; PMCID: PMC1447999.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    61. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland SS, Avol E, Peters JM. Obesity and the risk of newly diagnosed asthma in school-age children. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Sep 01; 158(5):406-15. PMID: 12936895.
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    62. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Molitor J, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, Peters JM. Prospective study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Oct 01; 168(7):790-7. PMID: 12893648.
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    63. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Islam T, Wenten M, Rappaport E, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters JM. Environmental tobacco smoke and absenteeism related to respiratory illness in schoolchildren. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 May 15; 157(10):861-9. PMID: 12746237.
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    64. Gilliland FD, Li YF, Dubeau L, Berhane K, Avol E, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Peters JM. Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15; 166(4):457-63. PMID: 12186820.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Gauderman WJ, Gilliland GF, Vora H, Avol E, Stram D, McConnell R, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Margolis HG, Rappaport EB, Berhane K, Peters JM. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jul 01; 166(1):76-84. PMID: 12091175.
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    66. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, London SJ, Avol E, Rappaport EB, Margolis HG, Peters JM. Indoor risk factors for asthma in a prospective study of adolescents. Epidemiology. 2002 May; 13(3):288-95. PMID: 11964930.
      View in: PubMed
    67. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, London SJ, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Margolis HG, Peters JM. Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study. Lancet. 2002 Feb 02; 359(9304):386-91. PMID: 11844508.
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    68. Avol EL, Gauderman WJ, Tan SM, London SJ, Peters JM. Respiratory effects of relocating to areas of differing air pollution levels. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Dec 01; 164(11):2067-72. PMID: 11739136.
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    69. London SJ, James Gauderman W, Avol E, Rappaport EB, Peters JM. Family history and the risk of early-onset persistent, early-onset transient, and late-onset asthma. Epidemiology. 2001 Sep; 12(5):577-83. PMID: 11505179.
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    70. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, Rappaport EB, Thomas DC, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, London SJ, Margolis HG, McConnell R, Islam KT, Peters JM. The effects of ambient air pollution on school absenteeism due to respiratory illnesses. Epidemiology. 2001 Jan; 12(1):43-54. PMID: 11138819.
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    71. Berhane K, McConnell R, Gilliland F, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, London SJ, Rappaport E, Margolis HG, Peters JM. Sex-specific effects of asthma on pulmonary function in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov; 162(5):1723-30. PMID: 11069803.
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    72. Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Gilliland F, London S, Thomas D, Avol E, Vora H, Berhane K, Rappaport EB, Lurmann F, Margolis HG, Peters J. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct; 162(4 Pt 1):1383-90. PMID: 11029349.
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    73. Enright PL, Linn WS, Avol EL, Margolis HG, Gong H, Peters JM. Quality of spirometry test performance in children and adolescents : experience in a large field study. Chest. 2000 Sep; 118(3):665-71. PMID: 10988187.
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    74. Gilliland FD, Berhane K, McConnell R, Gauderman WJ, Vora H, Rappaport EB, Avol E, Peters JM. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood lung function. Thorax. 2000 Apr; 55(4):271-6. PMID: 10722765.
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    75. Gilliland FD, Linn W, Rappaport E, Avol E, Gong H, Peters J. Effect of spirometer temperature on FEV1 in a longitudinal epidemiological study. Occup Environ Med. 1999 Oct; 56(10):718-20. PMID: 10658554.
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    76. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, London SJ, Vora H, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, Margolis HG, Lurmann F, Thomas DC, Peters JM. Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in Southern California children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Sep; 107(9):757-60. PMID: 10464077.
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    77. Peters JM, Avol E, Gauderman WJ, Linn WS, Navidi W, London SJ, Margolis H, Rappaport E, Vora H, Gong H, Thomas DC. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II. Effects on pulmonary function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar; 159(3):768-75. PMID: 10051249.
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    78. Geyh AS, Roberts PT, Lurmann FW, Schoell BM, Avol EL. Initial field evaluation of the Harvard active ozone sampler for personal ozone monitoring. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Mar-Apr; 9(2):143-9. PMID: 10321353.
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    79. Peters JM, Avol E, Navidi W, London SJ, Gauderman WJ, Lurmann F, Linn WS, Margolis H, Rappaport E, Gong H, Thomas DC. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Mar; 159(3):760-7. PMID: 10051248.
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    80. Avol EL, Navidi WC, Rappaport EB, Peters JM. Acute effects of ambient ozone on asthmatic, wheezy, and healthy children. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1998 May; (82):iii, 1-18; discussion 19-30. PMID: 9635336.
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    81. Linn WS, Solomon JC, Gong H, Avol EL, Peters JM. Temperature standardization of multiple spirometers. J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Feb; 40(2):148-52. PMID: 9503291.
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    82. Linn WS, Gong H, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Avol EL. Chamber exposures of children to mixed ozone, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid. Arch Environ Health. 1997 May-Jun; 52(3):179-87. PMID: 9169627.
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    83. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Peng RC, Avol EL, Hackney JD, Gong H. Short-term air pollution exposures and responses in Los Angeles area schoolchildren. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1996 Oct-Dec; 6(4):449-72. PMID: 9087865.
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    84. Linn WS, Solomon JC, Gong H, Avol EL, Navidi WC, Peters JM. Standardization of multiple spirometers at widely separated times and places. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Apr; 153(4 Pt 1):1309-13. PMID: 8616559.
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    85. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Peng RC, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Effects of prolonged, repeated exposure to ozone, sulfuric acid, and their combination in healthy and asthmatic volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Aug; 150(2):431-40. PMID: 8049826.
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    86. Hackney JD, Avol EL, Linn WS, Anderson KR. Active and passive ozone samplers based on a reaction with a binary reagent. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1994 Feb; (63):1-18; discussion 67-82. PMID: 8185874.
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    87. Hackney JD, Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Solomon JC, Little DE, Peng RC. Exposures of older adults with chronic respiratory illness to nitrogen dioxide. A combined laboratory and field study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Dec; 146(6):1480-6. PMID: 1456564.
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    88. Anderson KR, Avol EL, Edwards SA, Shamoo DA, Peng RC, Linn WS, Hackney JD. Controlled exposures of volunteers to respirable carbon and sulfuric acid aerosols. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 1992 Jun; 42(6):770-6. PMID: 1637548.
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    89. Avol EL, Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Peng RC, Hackney JD. Respiratory responses of young asthmatic volunteers in controlled exposures to sulfuric acid aerosol. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Aug; 142(2):343-8. PMID: 2382897.
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    90. Higgins IT, D'Arcy JB, Gibbons DI, Avol EL, Gross KB. Effect of exposures to ambient ozone on ventilatory lung function in children. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 May; 141(5 Pt 1):1136-46. PMID: 2339836.
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    91. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Peng RC, Clark KW, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Responses to sulfur dioxide and exercise by medication-dependent asthmatics: effect of varying medication levels. Arch Environ Health. 1990 Jan-Feb; 45(1):24-30. PMID: 1969262.
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    92. Avol EL, Linn WS, Peng RC, Whynot JD, Shamoo DA, Little DE, Smith MN, Hackney JD. Experimental exposures of young asthmatic volunteers to 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide and to ambient air pollution. Toxicol Ind Health. 1989 Dec; 5(6):1025-34. PMID: 2626755.
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    93. Linn WS, Avol EL, Anderson KR, Shamoo DA, Peng RC, Hackney JD. Effect of droplet size on respiratory responses to inhaled sulfuric acid in normal and asthmatic volunteers. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jul; 140(1):161-6. PMID: 2751161.
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    94. Hackney JD, Linn WS, Avol EL. Acid fog: effects on respiratory function and symptoms in healthy and asthmatic volunteers. Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Feb; 79:159-62. PMID: 2707195.
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    95. Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Peng RC, Valencia LM, Little DE, Hackney JD. Repeated laboratory ozone exposures of volunteer Los Angeles residents: an apparent seasonal variation in response. Toxicol Ind Health. 1988 Dec; 4(4):505-20. PMID: 3188047.
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    96. Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Peng RC, Spier CE, Smith MN, Hackney JD. Effect of metaproterenol sulfate on mild asthmatics' response to sulfur dioxide exposure and exercise. Arch Environ Health. 1988 Nov-Dec; 43(6):399-406. PMID: 3196076.
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    97. Avol EL, Linn WS, Whynot JD, Anderson KR, Shamoo DA, Valencia LM, Little DE, Hackney JD. Respiratory dose-response study of normal and asthmatic volunteers exposed to sulfuric acid aerosol in the sub-micrometer size range. Toxicol Ind Health. 1988 Jun; 4(2):173-84. PMID: 3051519.
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    98. Avol EL, Linn WS, Peng RC, Valencia G, Little D, Hackney JD. Laboratory study of asthmatic volunteers exposed to nitrogen dioxide and to ambient air pollution. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1988 Apr; 49(4):143-9. PMID: 3376877.
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    99. Avol EL, Linn WS, Wightman LH, Whynot JD, Anderson KR, Hackney JD. Short-term respiratory effects of sulfuric acid in fog: a laboratory study of healthy and asthmatic volunteers. JAPCA. 1988 Mar; 38(3):258-63. PMID: 3379452.
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    100. Linn WS, Avol EL, Peng RC, Shamoo DA, Hackney JD. Replicated dose-response study of sulfur dioxide effects in normal, atopic, and asthmatic volunteers. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Nov; 136(5):1127-34. PMID: 3674575.
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    101. Avol EL, Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Spier CE, Valencia LM, Venet TG, Trim SC, Hackney JD. Short-term respiratory effects of photochemical oxidant exposure in exercising children. JAPCA. 1987 Feb; 37(2):158-62. PMID: 3443874.
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    102. Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Whynot JD, Anderson KR, Hackney JD. Respiratory responses of exercising asthmatic volunteers exposed to sulfuric acid aerosol. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1986 Dec; 36(12):1323-8. PMID: 3805509.
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    103. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Avol EL, Whynot JD, Anderson KR, Venet TG, Hackney JD. Dose-response study of asthmatic volunteers exposed to nitrogen dioxide during intermittent exercise. Arch Environ Health. 1986 Sep-Oct; 41(5):292-6. PMID: 3800432.
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    104. Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Spier CE, Valencia LM, Venet TG, Fischer DA, Hackney JD. A dose-response study of healthy, heavily exercising men exposed to ozone at concentrations near the ambient air quality standard. Toxicol Ind Health. 1986 Jul; 2(1):99-112. PMID: 3787644.
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    105. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Spier CE, Valencia LM, Anzar UT, Venet TG, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Controlled exposure of volunteers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to nitrogen dioxide. Arch Environ Health. 1985 Nov-Dec; 40(6):313-7. PMID: 4083912.
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    106. Hackney JD, Linn WS, Avol EL. Potential risks to human respiratory health from "acid fog": evidence from experimental studies of volunteers. Environ Health Perspect. 1985 Nov; 63:57-61. PMID: 3000761.
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    107. Avol EL, Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Valencia LM, Anzar UT, Venet TG, Hackney JD. Respiratory effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution in exercising adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Sep; 132(3):619-22. PMID: 4037535.
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    108. Linn WS, Solomon JC, Trim SC, Spier CE, Shamoo DA, Venet TG, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Effects of exposure to 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide in healthy and asthmatic volunteers. Arch Environ Health. 1985 Jul-Aug; 40(4):234-9. PMID: 4051580.
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    109. Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Anderson KR, Whynot JD, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Effects of heat and humidity on the responses of exercising asthmatics to sulfur dioxide exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Feb; 131(2):221-5. PMID: 3970453.
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    110. Avol EL, Linn WS, Venet TG, Shamoo DA, Hackney JD. Comparative respiratory effects of ozone and ambient oxidant pollution exposure during heavy exercise. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1984 Aug; 34(8):804-9. PMID: 6481003.
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    111. Linn WS, Avol EL, Shamoo DA, Venet TG, Anderson KR, Whynot JD, Hackney JD. Asthmatics' responses to 6-hr sulfur dioxide exposures on two successive days. Arch Environ Health. 1984 Jul-Aug; 39(4):313-9. PMID: 6497449.
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    112. Avol EL, Linn WS, Shamoo DA, Venet TG, Hackney JD. Acute respiratory effects of Los Angeles smog in continuously exercising adults. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1983 Nov; 33(11):1055-60. PMID: 6643854.
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    113. Avol EL, Linn WS, Wightman LH, Homer JE, Hackney JD. Laboratory evaluation of a disposable half-face mask for protection against ozone. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982 Nov; 126(5):818-21. PMID: 7149446.
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    114. Linn WS, Chang YT, Julin DR, Spier CE, Anzar UT, Mazur SF, Trim SC, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Short-term human health effects of ambient air in a pollutant source area. Lung. 1982; 160(4):219-27. PMID: 7109677.
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    115. Linn WS, Jones MP, Bachmayer EA, Spier CE, Mazur SF, Avol EL, Hackney JD. Short-term respiratory effects of polluted ambient air: a laboratory study of volunteers in a high-oxidant community. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Feb; 121(2):243-52. PMID: 7362133.
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    116. Avol EL, Jones MP, Bailey RM, Chang NM, Kleinman MT, Linn WS, Bell KA, Hackney JD. Controlled exposures of human volunteers to sulfate aerosols. Health effects and aerosol characterization. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979 Aug; 120(2):319-27. PMID: 475153.
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    117. Avol EL, Wightman LH, Linn WS, Hackney JD. A movable laboratory for controlled clinical studies of air pollution exposure. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1979 Jul; 29(7):743-5. PMID: 528752.
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